If you walk at random in any Muslim district in Europe, you will certainly find somewhere, at least in one corner, an Islamic butchery with the word ”halal” written on its shop-window. For the products of meat, the word “halal” is a badge of Islamic quality.
Muslims believe that since blood is not ritually a pure substance, slaughter is necessary to inhibit the thorough draining of all of the animal’s blood. Furthermore, the verse” Bismillah al Rahman Al Rahim”, in the name of Allah the Beneficent the Merciful, is necessary to render the meat halal or lawful to eat.
The word halal refers, here, to meat killed and prepared in line with Islamic dietary laws. Jewish and Islamic religions demand that slaughter is carried out with a cut to the throat or neck.
By extension, halal means anything permissible under Islamic law, in contrast to haram, that which is forbidden. This includes behaviour, speech, dress, conduct. The term is also used to judge the right of sexuality after marriage, even temporarily marriage (Sigheh), or of own female slave or even rape of female non Muslim prisoner of war—in this light, many political female prisoners of the IRI who were considered “non-Muslims”, were ”legally” raped by their Islamist torturers before being executed.
In an further extended sense, halal means fairness of business dealings or other types of transaction or activity. Therefore, it represents values that are held in high regard by Muslims. It contains standards for social norms, morals, foods and other services that meet Islamic regulations. Needless to mention, in Islamic countries, these are the only available standards for Muslims and non-Muslims alike.
Slaughter is an old tradition of Jewish and Islamic clan society. As a matter of best practice, the killed animal is supposed to be distributed among the members of the clan right after being slaughtered. So each family can often have fresh meat to eat. Like many other religious traditions, this tradition was also accepted as a dogma.
Slaughter reminds us of an old instinct of pre-historic hominoid, to which a prey must be killed by the hunter—the instinct can be seen by a great number of beasts of prey. In another perspective, we see a characteristic disposition of this instinct beyond “Sharia” (Islamic laws) that beheading and amputation of the accused would resemble routine rituals–blood of the accused is figuratively considered as halal, or permitted, and the executer does a halal job.
In this perspective, halal blood can be also a reason for honour killing in the Islamic societies. Honour killing is committed by male family members against female family members, who are perceived to have brought dishonour upon the family. A female can be targeted by her family for a variety of reasons, including: refusing to enter into an arranged marriage, having sex outside marriage, or even being the victim of a sexual assault.
Halal or haram have nothing to do with prophylactic, hygienic, precautions or medical meaning. To better understand halal, we must see what its opposite term “haram” means. Haram has roots in revulsion which is an old instinct of evolution. Revulsion is a sense of loathing without any logical reason or clear explanation. As an instinct, it was a necessary reaction of early human beings when exposed to an unknown food, unknown object, or an unconventional situation.
Object of revulsion is culturally conditioned. It means whatever is repulsive for the members of a given society do not necessarily provoke the same feeling for others. In other words, the terms like halal, haram and negis are nothing but the instinctive reflections, which were integrated into Islam.
In many cases, Islamic commandments and rituals are not only the traditional reflections of desert dwellers of pre-Islamic Arabia, but also based on the Prophet Muhammad’s habits, his sexual preferences, his favourite things, and his dietary habits.
Since sexuality is taboo in Islam, sexual organs, vaginal secretion and sperm are considered as “negis” (loathing and impure), therefore they should not be touched. Blood and any slimy substance secreted by a mucous membrane of the body have more or less a similar sense of negis. Needless to mention, all these secreted or mucous substances, regardless of their odour and colour, belong to normal function of our body.
Not only non Muslims, ethnic groups, slaves and women, but even animals in Islam are not freed from discrimination: dogs and pigs are the most discriminated animals. Term of”negis” characterises their absolute and unchangeable impurity. Pork meat is absolutely haram and dog as a “negis” animal can never be proper pet in a Muslim house. Touching a dog, especially a dog’s saliva, requires ritually hygienic procedure to get the hand clean—if a dog eats from a dish, the dish must be washed 7 times, the first time with sand. Camel was a respectful animal of Arab nomads, dog (despite all its uses in many ways) was labelled as negis creature.
While Marriage of Muslim men with women of the Book (Muslims, Christians and Jews), based on Islamic rituals, can be permitted, all other varieties of marriage between Muslim women and non Muslim men are considered haram–as a patriarchal religion, Islam granted a little concession only to Muslim men. Muslim women are not allowed to marry men outside of Islam (unless they convert to Islam).
No marriage is permitted between Muslims and “Mushriks” (atheists, polytheists, other belief systems which are considered by Muslims negis). The Koran says, “A believing slave woman is better than a mushrik woman”!
As mentioned, terms like halal, haram, and negis are not more than rituals of particular conditions and environments. These terms have no logic and no scientific credentials at all. They are only a part of old cultures which sometimes happen to be imposed as taboo rules.
