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 Alien Observations about photons Persian text By Hossein Javadi July 22, 2002 The Iranian Dear Colleague: I did bring forward the creation particles in last paper (see following appendix). Now I will rationalize the photoelectric effect, Compton effect, Thomson scattering and Pair Production and annihition. Please read this paper advise me about your expert opinion. as related to my theory. Photoelectric Effect Please remember that photons are formed by many creation particles with stable mass (m) and constant speed Vc (see following appendix) so that: grad Vc = 0 in all inertial frame and any place And energy E of a photon depends only to the number of particles (creation particles) so that: E=hn , n=n n is the number of the particles in a photon Suppose for changing the frequency of a photon from n to n+1 we need a creation particle, so that: n+1=n+1 The least (smallest) photon formed by two creation particles. With respect to grad Vc = 0 in all inertial frame and any place, we know that any creation particles in a photon has linear momentum mc and angular momentom that is: Iv By the external forces. c and v changes to v and v1 . (v depends on external forces that works on photon and v < c, v < v1 ), also the linear momentum of a creation particle is mv and the linear momentum of a photon is: P=nmv and it's kinetic energy is E=nmV2 Suppose a bounded electron on the surface of metal absorbs a photon. Let w be the energy with which an electron is bound to metal, w is often called the work function of the material. Clearly, unless nmV2 > w . no photoelectron can be produced. Comton effect What happens when a photon collides with an electron? Suppose before the collision photon has n creation particles, if after collision this photon has n creation particles (same before collision ), n also l do not have changes (Thomson scattering). Now suppose before the collision photon has n creation particles, and after collision has (n-k) creation particles, and electron gets kinetic energy equal E=kmc2 and photon loses energy equal E=kmc2 because it loses k creation particles. After collision new photon has (n-k) creation particles. and it's frequency is: (n-k)=n' So: Dl=l'-l=c[(1/n'-1/n)]=c[(1/(n-k)-1/n)]=k/(n-k)n This formula shows that k can be zero ( Thomson scatteing ) to n. Pair Production: For the electron rest mass we have following relations: E=m0c2 and E=hn , n=n No we can find how many creation particles, is needed for Pair Production, it is approximately n=2x1020 When a photon that has this number of creation particles ( or more ) and collides with a heavy nucleus atom( or moves near the heavy nucleus ), changes the route of movement of particles from transferred condition to circular and photon transforms to electron and positron. Also we can find how many creation particles and external forces are needed for produce the proton and antiproton or other particles. To top Appendix Let talking only about the speed Dear Professor; During my studies Theoretical Physics, I found a questionable problem about the speed. I think that the Quantum mechanics and Special Relativity have not any answer for my question. Now I think that I apperceived the answer of this questionable problem. Please read this letter and guide me for this questions and is my opinion correct or not? Now please let me remind the Following items: A. Newton's second law: f=ma Mass is stable, the speed of material can be infinity and Time is absolute. And: V=V1+V2 B. Quantom mechanics: Electromagnetic waves are quantized. They consist of discrete quanta, called photons. Each photon has an energy E that depends only on the frequency n and given by: E=hn C. Special Relativity 1 - The physical laws of nature are the same in every inertial frame of reference. 2 - The speed of light in a vacuum is the same in all reference frames. Results: T =T/ (1 - v2/c2 ) P L =L0 (1 - v2/c2 ) P m =m0 /(1 - v2/c2 ) P especially: E = mc2 And; V =(V1 + V2 )/(1+V1V2/c2) Questionable problem: Studying these subjects especially E = mc2, one essential question comes up: Question 1: Why the amount of speed of material is variable. But the amount of speed of energy is constant? Question 2: The stability of lightís speed comes from a natural event? Question 3: By consideration L =L0 (1 - v2/c2 ) P and m =m0 /(1 - v2/c2 ) P we know that nothings can reach to the speed of light. but this result comes up without advertent the structure of materials. Question 4: By considering the relation of E=mc2, is it possible we study the structure of material to the point of speed and for the reason that why nothing can reach to the speed of light? Therefore. everyone can consider these sort of questions, and by receiveing positive or negative answers, they could be ignorance, but most of the scientific human achievement is the result of looking and getting their answers to unimportant questions. Scientific method means letting the questions to be introduce and effort for reaching their answers. For these questions, I have a proposal for speed principle. By this principle we can generalize the speed of electromagnetic waves to material's speed. This principle is based on: Pair Production and annihition, Mossbauer effect, Doppler effect, photoelectric effect, Compton effect, Dilation of Time, E=mc2 and Atomic physics. Principle: Suppose, there is a very small particle in status without of any external force moves in straight way (a point on the surface ) with a fixed speed as Vc in any inertial frame. And this particle moves by internal force (or internal energy) so that: grad Vc = 0 in all inertial frame and any places It is the smallest quantum in the world and any photons formed of many of these particles. Let's call this particle creation particle. Note1: Sum of the amount of acceleration on three axes of (x, y, z) is equal to zero. So that: ax +ay +az =0 in all inertial frame and any places In another word the external force is not the factor for increasing or decreasing the amount of speed, but is the factor for changing the route of movement of particles from transferred condition to circular and return. Note2: Incase, any contact between these particles, they go far from each other and again under the impression of their gravity force ( or unknown force ) they get near to each other and this action and reaction continue till by circular movement the distance between them reaches to near zero. Results: 1 - We can result the Newtonís second law. I described above (creation particle ) that anything (protons, neutrons, electrons and others) formed by these particles. Suppose that a material accelerate toward the ground's surface, the particleís circular speed change to straight speed so that: grad Vc = 0 in all inertial frame and any places Therefore we can result the Newtonís second law: f=ma 2 - Quantum mechanics. Each photon formed with many of these particles. And energy E of a photon depends only to the number of particles so that:E=hn 3 - Special Relativity. When These quantum that I described above mentioned move in a vacuum condition. Particles constitutive the photons have tow moving: a. a circular motion that happened by external force so that: grad Vc = 0 in all inertial frame and any places b. a straight motion depend to external forces so that: grad Vc = 0 in all inertial frame and any places Therefore we come to a conclusion Special Relativityís principle: The speed of light in a vacuum is the same in all reference frames. Important result: Now we can explain that why the speed of anything can not reach to speed of light. Because before than materialís speed reach to lightís speed, the particles contact with others, they go far from each other and material change to other particles(photons, electrons, positrons, protons Ö). So at the time of changing material to energy (such as inflammation, radio activity radiation, Pair production, atomic and Astrology explosions) making free of these particles from the external power or making contact between them and particles with the same fixed speed continue their movement. No time has been passed from the world life, By considering this principle all physical phenomenon are justifiable. Also by considering the fact that the creation particles are always move with a fixed speed, no time has been passed from their lifetime, in another words no time has been passed from the world life and any effort for determining the world's life will come to a failure.  Result: So that the source of time depends on external
forces.For accepting this comment it is enough to change our assumption from material and energy, do not believe any specified border between them. In another words fixed light speed is not only emerging from a natural event but the amount of this speed is always fixed, even when energy is in form of material. You are kindly requested to read my opinion, on the above mentioned subject carefully and appreciate to have your kind reply by return. Meanwhile, please be aware that, because of my shortage in connection sources to declare my priciple, kindly provide me how, where and who could be handeled to. Your promt reply is highly appreciated.
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