What Do Google and Saddam Have in Common?

Google has turned itself into an enabler of those who would use name disputes to fuel conflict


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What Do Google and Saddam Have in Common?
by Trita Parsi
20-May-2008
 

Google has a funny way of doing business -- one that involves muddying politics in the Middle East.

In recent months, the organization has taken the unprecedented step to rename internationally recognized bodies of water. Google Earth has begun using the controversial term "Arabian Gulf" to the body of water traditionally and internationally identified as the "Persian Gulf."

Now many may think: What's in a name? Why would this even be an issue?

In the Middle East, nothing is just a name. And with more than 180,000 US troops in this unstable region, being oblivious to the politics of geographical renaming is dangerous.

Historically, the accuracy of the term Persian Gulf is undisputed. Several legal documents from the United Nations as well as the United States Board of Geographic Names confirm the legitimacy of the term, as do millennia of classical history. For example, the ancient Greeks called the Persian Gulf, "Sinus Persicus," the Romans called it "Mare Persicum," and the Arabs called it, "Bahr al-Farsia."

The political campaign to change the name Persian Gulf to the "Arabian Gulf" began approximately 50 years ago, as part of a pan-Arab strategy aimed at diminishing the status of non-Arab influences in the Middle East, including that of Iran and Israel.

It is a term whose very purpose has been to create divisions in an already divided region. Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser used it to rally the Arab masses against Israel and Iran. A decade later, Saddam Hussein used it to mobilize the Arabs in the war against Iran. Today, the term is frequently used by radicals and militants in the Middle East -- again, with the aim to create divisions and fuel conflict.

Google now has the dubious distinction of joining Nasser and Saddam Hussein in this political campaign.

In February 2008, the National Iranian American Council (NIAC) sent a letter to Google's CEO, Dr. Eric E. Schmidt, to explain the political background of the term and request that Google refrain from entering into the politics of geographical renaming and let the Persian Gulf remain the Persian Gulf.

More than three months later, Google has yet to formally respond to NIAC's letter. In fact, the closest response NIAC has received is an ambiguous April 8 blog post on Google's Public Policy Blog: "As the publishers of a geographic reference tool, we believe that Google should not choose sides in international geopolitical disputes. For this reason, we've chosen to implement a uniform policy of "Primary Local Usage."

But what exactly is "Primary Local Usage"? And what is Google' threshold of measurement?

Google defines its current policy of primary local usage as a combination of three separate markers (primacy, commonality, and locality) that they believe help Google avoid choosing "sides in international geopolitical disputes."

According to a post on their public policy blog, the primacy marker means that out of each possible name only the most common name(s) for each body of water will be used. As for the commonality or the frequency of its use, a name must be widespread and not subject to arbitrary government renaming. Their final qualifier is the input of the neighboring nations that have a "stake" in the body of water; meaning that the deciding factor will be that neighboring nations all have input in potential names.

Although Google claims that this method allows for an "optimal combination of neutrality, objectivity, and legitimacy," this unusual and uncharacteristically amorphous standard counteracts any "sensitivity" Google had hoped to convey.

In fact, it makes Google the very political tool it claims it seeks to avoid becoming.

In defense of its methods, Google has said that its safeguards will prevent a ruler from naming "the Pacific Ocean after her mother," by requiring any potential name be commonly accepted by the general populace. Contrary to Google's purported intentions, however, this policy actually opens the door for politically motivated geographical renaming.

By bypassing traditional academic sources, Google has turned itself into an enabler of those who would use name disputes to fuel conflict.

Had Google Earth existed in 1980 when Saddam Hussein first attempted to use the label "Arabian Gulf" as a way to rally support for invading Iran, it would have embraced the Iraqi dictator's policy. By Google's standards, Hussein's arbitrary renaming would be (and is) a justifiable manipulation of geographical naming for political and divisive goals.

In fall 2004, the National Geographic Society (NGS) made a similar misstep by using the term Arabian Gulf for the Persian Gulf; but after a campaign led by the National Iranian American Council, the NGS recognized the folly of getting involved in the politics of geographical renaming and corrected their mistake in their 8th Edition maps.

Google could learn a thing or two from the NGS's sensibility.�


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more from Trita Parsi
 
mahmoudg

Mr. Parsi, Boeing did the same thing

by mahmoudg on

Trita;

A very well written piece.  A few weeks back I wrote something similar about Boeing renaming the Persian Gulf to Arabian Gulf in their employee monthly Newsletter.  I forwarded the letter to my Old boss and now the VP of commercial Airplane Division which to my surprise culminated in a visit by FBI's anti terrorism unit, and not to my Surprise a correction or apology was never issued by Boeing over this historical inaccuracy.  I think this is a worlwide campaign and needs constant barage of in your face activity such as your to force these entities to stop their actions.


Abarmard

Don't thank Mr. Parsi, help him

by Abarmard on

Help NIAC and become active participant of the Iranian American Affairs. If that makes you an IR agent, then be one.

Google will lose this war, same as Jamal abdol Naser! as long as we are united for what's right and what's ours.


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iranian.com should stop

by samad44 (not verified) on

iranian.com should stop acceting ads from google. that is the first step.
if they don't stop posting here or just do not buy anything from the ads here.
CNN was forced to correct their mistake last year by this method.
iranian buying power in usa is strong. so show unity and boycott. then they will change.


Midwesty

AltaVista.com

by Midwesty on

I remember years ago it was all about AltaVista, Excite and a few other search engines way before even Yahoo existed. I think the search engines in general have a certain life cycle. The base product is same and after a while they all look alike and they offer similar services. That's why Google tries to add more features every so often in order to stay competitive. A one million user here and there won't make a change. In the cyber space you need cyber revolution. That's why we need to stay coordinated and see what would be the next step coming from NIAC. They have the experience with National Geographic and worth being trusted on this issue. 


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English, French, Latin? they're all fine

by Anonymou (not verified) on

And there's a serious effort of using a new and alien name for the language of Iranians in American media recently (in the English language). Look at recent articles in different newspapers, not one of them call it by its known and official name.

Interestingly such an effort in name change is not taking place for the name of any other languages, only the name of the Persian language is having the honors.


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if not using google will

by and (not verified) on

if not using google will help with the persian gulf name... I'm all for it.
i'll start using other searches from now on ... come on guys if that is what "We" can do let's do it if that is not the case someone please let me know.
thanx


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In solidarity

by manda (not verified) on

In solidarity I'll use altavista and yahoo from now on....

VIVA SOLIDARITY!


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Go AltaVista.com

by Wondering (not verified) on

Altavista.com all the way!!! Google has tons of PR, but it's just a matter of time before you are fed what the institution wants you to see.

Go AltaVista.com


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Many thanks

by Naseredin Shah (not verified) on

Many thanks to Mr Trita Parsi for all his efforts.

Mally jack jan others have made the same suggestion in the past, and I believe some have actually acted upon it. Where have you been?
New here?


jamshid

Persian Gulf

by jamshid on

Iran has a lot of internet traffic. I think there must be a none-political movement by all Iranians of all walks to ban Google. As one of the commentators said in here, that will cause google to lose a lot of money and to think twice about changing well established names. They will incure a large loss even if only 10% of Iranians banned Google.

Another suggestion is to start calling the "Gulf of Oman" or even the "Arabian Sea" the "Gulf of Iran" or the "Iranian Sea" or "Persian Sea" just to make a point. It is after all south of Sistan and Baloochestan. Let the UAE sheiks have a little taste of their own medicine. It is something that can quickly catch on among Iranians.

And why not? We can ask all Iranian writers, for or against the IRI, it doesn't matter, to write both of these names in their articles when referring to the Persian Gulf, for example, a sentence in a news article could read like this: "The presence of tensions in the Persian Gulf and the Iranian Sea waters..." and so on.

I really wish Mr. Kordestani of Google had done something about this, but obviously he hasn't despite knowing about this issue. The IRI is doing nothing either. What can we expect from them when they wanted to call it the "Islamic Gulf" long ago?


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Samsam111 - did you read the right article??

by Gelareh (not verified) on

I am just dumbfounded by these people who believe that even if you leave a note to your kids asking them to buy some milk from the local convenient store, you must also throw in a "Marg bar Jomhooriye Eslami". If you don't, then clearly you are a mullah-lover!

For the love of G-d - get over yourselves!

Parsi's (excellent) article was about Google and the Persian Gulf. It wasn't about democracy in Iran.

Frankly, you all need to get on with your sad lives and get over your obsession with Trita Parsi.

After so many years of attacking him and NIAC, both stand stronger than ever before. You wont be able to bring them down - so perhaps you can focus on bringing yourself up for a change instead?


samsam1111

with all due respect !

by samsam1111 on

I believe Mr Parsi wants to have the best of both worlds but history tells us that You can,t have the cake and eat it too. He speaks so vaguly that bores the listener to death.You should speak your mind Sir.

You try so hard not to criticize or offend the Mullah regime or Americans that your principles if any are lost in Your arguments.

In late 80,s I was a true believer in having the USA & Regime relations reconnected for the sake of Our people .Now it,s the wrong time..opportunity is lost and any agreement between America and Iran is in the opposit interest of Iranian people.It,s because the regime has gone nuts & totalitarian completely without any chance of reform.Any agreement with them is legitimizing their brand new totaliterian rule which is 10 times worth than in early 90,s.

I may be wrong at times but am pretty sure I,m right on this one.Bringing US and Iran closer won,t help Iranians.It only boldens the regime into thinking that Dictatorship has been accepted by Global powers. Unless an amazing phenomena develops in mullah land and Mullahs began to see the right way and reform themselves from Tyrani to democratic rule I see no light in the horizon...That,s my 2 cents.

 

Regards!


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Dear Dr. Parsi Thank you for

by Another Iranian (not verified) on

Dear Dr. Parsi
Thank you for all you do for Iran. We love you.


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Excellent Piece

by Mammad (not verified) on

Thank you Dr. Parsi. It is a well-written, well-reasoned piece.


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Confused, Kashani/

by Mammad (not verified) on

Your virulent anti-leftist tendencies make you say absurd things.

Islamic Marxists? The only people who used such contradictory combination were the Shah and his SAVAK. In the past you have said you are anti-monarchy, even though you staunchly support the Shah. So, is this one of those?!

NIAC, as a 'leftist" organization? I can almost see and hear the laughters of NIAC and its board (a few of them I know personally).

Why don't you just come out and say what is really on your mind: In the name of opposing the IRI, you are opposed to anything that benefits Iran - not the IRI or the Mullahs - but Iran. Defending the Persian-ness of the Persian Gulf is surely one of these.

Let me guess: you will come back with a "great" response. Hope that it won't be censored.


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Great Article

by Tochal (not verified) on

I started using Yahoo for search and even help them out by clicking on their sponsor banners. No Iranian should ever USE GOOGLE again.....
Let them see how easily they can lose 1 million plus customers......
USE YAHOO...Click on their sponsor banners...


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Drood bar Mr. Parsi

by Anonymous-persis (not verified) on

Trita Parsi is a true Iranian and we should be proud of HIM. He is a real Vatan Parast.


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You don't have to be an IRI

by Farhad Kashani (not verified) on

You don't have to be an IRI agent to do damages to our country and to our cause. Prior and during the revolution, leftist movement such as Toodeh and Islamic Marxists were and are as guilty as the religious forces, for what Iran has and is going through. The satanic alliance of leftist forces (Such as NIAC) and religious forces are deadlier than either one operating alone. We all experienced it.


Jaleho

Trita Parsi / an IRI agent??!!

by Jaleho on

How in the world anyone could suspect the idea of Trita Parsi being an IRI agent??!!

I mean, if you accuse the fellow of being an ANTI-IRI Israeli sympathizer, he might feel obliged to defend himself or try to explain. After all, you only judge a person by the sum total of his works, that is, if you bother to get to know someone's work before branding them.

The single book that he has written, "TreTreacherous Alliance - The secret Dealings of Iran, Israel and the United Sates," certainly suggests that Iran has in the past, and is better in the future, to have useful relations with the US and Israel. Completely OPPOSITE to the official IRI policy which states that Iran should have nothing to do with Israel, Mr. Parsi argues that Iran has always taken its partners in the Middle East singularly based on its own interest, and that has included an alliance with Israel, even after Islamic revolution. He is clearly more in the Israeli-desired camp of Iran-US-Israel friendship than the IRI camp of Iran-Arab Islamic alliance. He argues that the present rhetoric coming out of IRI is just a calculated policy of Iran to strengthen itself as it must navigate in "a sea of Arab nationalism" to acclaim its rising power in the region. And, concludes that US must take Iran as a rising power to reckon with in tailoring its foreign policy.

The fact that his book was written based on his PhD thesis with the neocon theorist Francis Fukuyama, and that the faculty around his department were people like Fukuyama, Paul Wolfowitz, Azar Nafisi, and the likes of them, can raise an original suspicion about his intentions. But again, that's for people who like branding others with a shallow paintbrush. I have enjoyed Parsi's thorough work in his book, found it very educational, and a must read for anyone who cares to understand the intricacies of US-Iran-Israel relations. I think Parsi's book is a perfect complement to two other great books, "The Fateful Triangle US-Israel-Palestinians" by Noam Chomsky, and "The Israel Lobby and US Foreign Policy" by Walt and Mearsheimer. Each book seems to have a little vacuum by emphasizing the particular message the author intends, but the totality of them will give any reader a good perspective of the US policy in the Middle East and how Israel, Iran and Arabs enter this policy.

I also have a lot of respect for Mr. Parsi for all his great effort in NIAC which has enabled many Iranian Americans to understand their civic rights and duties, and encourages them to participate on matters that can be of great importance to the Iranian community.


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Trita: Wonderful article.

by Mehraz (not verified) on

Trita:
Wonderful article. Thnaks for all you and NIAC doing.


samsam1111

Another point of view!

by samsam1111 on

monsiure Parsi!

Having been in bussiness & market a bit and knowing a thing or two about IT Tech , Couldn,t it be a simple fact of Google Economics?.

You see! In the ""Search engine fee market"" which is about $550 billion anually there is a huge competition for "Klicks" ..Every "klick" means extra Revenue...So If i was the head of Google marketing , I would contact Google,s CFO  (which happens to be an Iranian Mr Kurdestani) and I would tell him that I search for trouble & sensitive spots on the planet and incite these little war of names which causes the angry & insulted ethnic group to rush to the web in defence and Quadrouple the "Klicks" & Searches which translates into millions of Dollars of extra revenue in "search engine fees" every day .I also tell him that I found a hot spot on the door step of his compatriate Iranians named "Persian gulf".I,m sure that CFO Mr kurdistani would agree along with  the Wall street Investers in the shares of GOOG($525.00) on Nasdaq...

Just a point

Cheers!


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P-or-A-or-USA Gulf

by Vida Kashizadeh (not verified) on

This issue is at present more about politics than about history.
It simply relates to the fact that USA government plans to be glued on Iraq's territory for the rest of its existence as the world's bully.
And as USA rules Saudi Arabia as well, using the word Arabian means simply 'Not Persian Gulf'. Let's face it 'US American Gulf' would sound absurd. That's why there hasn't been a dispute over Mexican Gulf, I suppose.

But as for the wonderful waters of P-OR-A Gulf and its poor inhabitants hardly getting any oxygen, only those nations who prove capable of keeping the waters clean and habitable for its creatures, as well as for the fishers who have been deprived of their livelihood through the pollution/war, may deserve to keep the name or rename it. Otherwise let it be Persian until it is destroyed by all including Persians.


IRANdokht

Thank you Dr Parsi

by IRANdokht on

Great article and a very alarming position for the West to take in the region...

although I don't think we should have to resort to "hamvatan bazi" to straighten this matter out, (I can't believe I am about to say this) I think Mally Jack has a very valid point. At some point I did try to find out if I can email Mr Khorasani directly but I gave up...

Someone like Dr Parsi would probably have a better luck reaching the man and discussing this issue Irani -to-Irani

Thank you for all your efforts on behalf of us, the Iranians and best of luck to you, NIAC and our Iran

IRANdokht


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MallyJack_secrets - you are so right!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

by Anonymous-2 (not verified) on

I have been saying the same thing. However, it seems thar our very famous and well off entrepreneurs do not want to get involved in anything which has a political angle. After all they don't want to be labeled as being pro Iran!!

It is truly a shame we have many successful and wealthy Iranians, including Omid Khordestani (and yes it has been brought to his attention), but none will do anything, nor spend a nickel for any Iranian cause, nor will they ever jeopordize their positions of power. Personally, I wonder why they are on a list when they never do anything on behalf of Iran.

What I have found, is that the less money people have, the more they are willing to empty out their pockets for any cause, and especially for their love of Iran. The rest just carry an Iranian name that's all.

Regards


Michael Mahyar Hojjatie

The devil with Google!

by Michael Mahyar Hojjatie on

I'll just use Yahoo! instead. It's just as good, no matter what the Google Jihad has to say about Google being the best site on earth. I'd much rather let Yahoo! flash it's ads at me!


eimanz

Trita Parsi

by eimanz on

If Trita Parsi is an IRI agent, why would he be working tirelessly to promote Iranian-American interests via NIAC? We really need more "IRI Agents" here in this country if that's what they're hired to do! ;)

Trita jaan, keep up the exellent work. You're the coolest "IRI Agent" ever!


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Putting his money where his mouth is...unlike you!

by ...the ism (not verified) on

Oh, so this the same Trita that supposedly receives money from IRI? Not bad for a rich IRI agent! I like him :O)
Killer article dude. Keep it up and keep on confusing the hell out of LALA Iroonies.


Jaleho

Name Change - Land Theft

by Jaleho on

Name change of this nature in the Middle East is usually a precursor to a land theft design.

When Israel started to gobble up Palestine, they started changing the name of villages they were planning to STEAL. They killed and pushed the natives out, change the name of their villages and put Jews in the stolen land.

Then, there was the parts that Zionists could not officially gobble up RIGHT AWAY, and it was called "Occupied Palestinian Territories". Slowly, this was abbreviated to "occupied territories" for "short"! As the desire to gobble up west bank increased according to the original Zionist plan of complete land theft and colonization of entire Palestine, "the occupied territories" changed name by some in Israel as "disputed territories". The rabid Zionists of course call it "Judea and Samaria" :-)

Such is the name change, usually accepted and endorsed by foreign powers.

The present push for gradual alteration of "The Persian Gulf" to the "short" version "Gulf" to be followed by change of "Gulf" to "Arabian Gulf" is reminiscent of the western sanctioned Israeli theft of Palestine. No wonder Brits found themselves in "Iraqi" waters when Iranians took them hostage for wandering in "Iranian waters". Of course thanks to quick reaction of Iran in that case, we had a reversal of the name change in that particular case: The Brits first claimed to have been in "Iraqi waters", then changed it to "international waters", and only recently documents showed that in fact they have been in "Iranian waters" as Iran claimed from the beginning.

And of course, it is in the same spirit that the Iraqi government is told to follow their American boss in supporting the UAE's claim over the Lesser and Greater Tunb, and Abu Musa Islands. Saddam Hussein did that too, but he turned out to be not a powerful enough puppet for the US, and was promptly removed when proved useless in defeating Iranian revolution and getting the "Persian Gulf Islands" from Iran on the side. Let's see if the present government of Iraq can fulfill what Saddam, US former Iraqi puppet, could not achieve despite all the western support he got during the 8 years of war.


MallyJack_Secrets

Why doesn't someone simply ask Omid?

by MallyJack_Secrets on

We are constantly touting how proud we are of the many accomplishments of our financially successful Iranians. We even go so far as to call them entrepreneurs, intead of merely "lucky".

But has anyone bothered to even send an email to Mr. Omid Kordestani, the light of everyone's dollar worshipping eye, and the highest ranking Iranian executive in history, to ask if maybe he could intercede on behalf of the country that has given him the birthright to defend his immeasurable success with, and right this obvious wrong?

Is this issue that controversial really? That we can't ask him and Omid would not simply be able to quash it with the stroke of that gold plated VP pen?

Sometimes instead of arguing your way out of an unfair traffic ticket, you simply need to go straight to the boss of the DMV and report the asshole making things difficult. Especially when the Boss is your cousin.

Boy! We sure have forgotten how to be Iranians haven't we!


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aftabe lagan haft dast

by Anonymousse (not verified) on

Let's rearrange the chairs on the deck of titanic while the ship goes down. That way it looks like we are doing something while in fact we are avoiding facing the real issues.