How might someone in Tajikistan, the only Persian-speaking republic in the former Soviet Union, describe a beautiful and lively night spent in the company of family and friends?
Perhaps he or she would use the word dilafruz, which literally means ‘firing the heart’.
If that person spent the night alone in a depressed state, however, the word chosen might be diltang, which would indicate a ‘narrowing of the heart’.
In a country where poetry runs in the blood, falling in love can be described in a dozen different ways. One can be dil bastan (heart-tied), or have a dil gum zadan – a racing heart.
Correspondingly, the person that triggers this state might be called a dilrabo (heart stealer), while freezing someone’s heart is dil khunuk shudan, a somewhat dramatic take on getting dumped.
Languages full of heart – and verse!
The Tajik language is closely related to the Indo-Iranian languages spoken in Iran (Farsi) and Afghanistan (Dari). In Farsi, the literary word for heart is closer to del in pronunciation. Dari’s dil is like the Tajik.
Moreover, across the Eurasian sub-region indicated above, dil (written “дил” in the Cyrillic alphabet Tajkstan still uses) is the heartbeat of a rich poetic tradition stretching back at least as far as the first milennium AD.
One of the most famous proponents of this tradition was Jalaluddin Rumi, the roaming 13th century wordsmith and philosopher beloved by all Persian-speaking peoples.
Ҳар чӣ дар дил дорӣ аз макру румуз,
Пеши мо расвосту пайдо ҳамчу рӯз
Translation:
The heart has no country…
Rumi’s romanticism is eclipsed however by Nizami Ganjavi, a bard writing in the century before him.
Ganjavi hailed from Ganja (his name literally means Nizam of Ganja) which is part of modern-day Azerbaijan.
Here are some couplets from his epic Khosrow and Shirin, in which the Sasanian ruler(Khosrow) engages in a poetry battle with his love rival Farhad over the heart of an Armenian princess, Shirin.
Бигуфт: Аз дил шудӣ ошиқ бад-ин сон?
Бигуфт: Аз дил ту мегўӣ, ман аз ҷон.
Бигуфто: Ишқи Ширин бар ту чун аст?
Бигуфт: Аз ҷони ширинам фузун аст!..
Бигуфто: Дил зи меҳраш кай кунӣ пок?
Бигуфт: Он гаҳ, ки бошам хуфта дар хок…
Бигуфт: Аз дил ҷудо кун ишқи Ширин.
Бигуфто: Чун зиям бе ҷони ширин?
Translation:
Asked: Did you fall in love from the heart?
Answered: You talk about the heart, I talk about the soul.
Asked: When will you clean your heart from her love?
Answered: When I will be under the ground.
Said: Kick Shirin’s love out of your heart!
Asked: But how would I live without my dear soul?
Бар ишқи туям на сабр пайдост, на дил,
Бе рӯйи туям на ақл бар ҷост, на дил!
Ин ғам, ки марост кӯҳи қоф аст, на ғам,
Ин дил ки турост, санги хорост, на дил!
Translation:
In the 21st century, the internet and social networks have led to a vast increase in the number of published Persian poets.
Firdaws Azam, a 21st century Tajik poet, often uses Facebook as a space to post stanzas such as these:
Рӯзе миёни хотираҳо гумном мешавам,
Аз чашми хотирот бигирӣ суроғи дил.
Хилофи майли худам аз баҳор дил кандам
Ки додаанд ба пойизи сард пайвандам.
Translation:
Happy World Poetry Day!
In 1999 that the United Nations decided World Poetry Day should be marked on March 21, a date that also marks the celebration of the Spring Equinox across much of Eurasia.
It is unlikely that this decision was a coincidence. A key to the UN’s thinking on the day comes in former UNESCO Director-General Irina Bokova’s comment that “poetry embodies the creative energy of culture, for it can be continuously renewed.”
For members of the Persian-speaking world, Nowruz is one of the most important dates of the year. Thus, the fact that the poetic tradition to which it has contributed so greatly is also recognised, feels deeply symbolic.
As one saying goes, “a heart finds its way to a heart”.
Cover image: Azerbaijani folk art based on the Layla and Majnun novel by Nizami Ganjavi. CC BY 3.0.
Via GlobalVoices
