Dr. Seyed Ali Shayegan (1902-1981), professor of law, political advisor to Dr. Mossadegh and a member of his cabinet, was a distinguished man of letters who taught at Tehran University. After the infamous coup, he was arrested alongside with Dr. Mossadegh and other members of the National Front. He was initially sentenced to life imprisonment and then to ten years. He spent three years in prison. He later went to self-exile in the U.S. and lived in New Jersey with his family until the 1979 Revolution, when he returned to Iran. He passed away two years later in N.J. His remains were flown to Iran where he was buried in the family cemetery. Years later, Mrs. Badri Sheybani Shayegan, his companion in life and in struggle was buried next to him.
Ahmad Shayegan, his eldest son, has published his memoirs (in Persian) titled, “The Political Life, Writings and Speeches of Seyed Ali Shayegan,” Agah Publishers, 2005, Tehran.
In dedication to Ahmad and all the men, like his father, who stood by the man who sought nothing except dignity and prosperity for his nation, I took a few pages from the book and translated them for this occasion.
28th Mordad
Like every morning, I got up early to go see Dr. Mossadegh at his house [on Kakh Street] from Emam Zadeh Ghasem in Shemiran. Since the hammam—our bath in the house in the city—was more convenient and better equipped, I took my wife and our new baby who had been born a few weeks earlier to wash up and from there I went to Dr. Mossadegh’s house.
The night before, I had prepared the draft for a referendum bill for the provisional government to present to Dr. M. for approval. While I was waiting to see him, Mr. Mohammad Hossein Qashqayee entered the reception area; he had just come out of Dr. M.’s room. I asked him what news he had. He said that these [Americans] were determined to bring Dr. M. down at any cost. I told him, have you said this to the Dr.? He said, yes. I asked, did he [Dr. M.] say anything in response. He said, no.
Later on, Mr. Nasser Khan Qashqayee would tell me that they [the leaders of the Qashqayee tribe] had sent a message to Dr. M. that if he allowed them, they would be ready to send in enough people to help the government in Tehran, but that he had not given them permission.
The morning before, when I had gone to the Dr.’s house; near the door, two or three members of the Tudeh Party were waiting for him; when I got out of the car, they came towards me. I knew one of them. He was a high school teacher, a freedom lover and a patriotic man. They said, the opposition is getting ready to stage a coup. Please tell the Dr. that if he gives us arms we will form a “national guard” and obey the government’s orders. I promised them to relay the message to Dr. M., which I did. The Dr.’s answer was again negative.
Little by little, members of the National Front (NF) came. Nariman, Hasibi, Dr. Fatemi, Dr. Sanjabi, Razavi, Zirak-zadeh, Dr. Sadiqi, Moazami, the brother of Dr. Moazami who was the Minister of Post and Telegraph. From outside, you could hear lots of commotion. The news broke that a bunch of ruffians were approaching Dr. Mossadegh’s house. Slowly the clamor increased. Another piece of news was that some individuals were heading to capture Tehran’s radio station.
We thought that both the army and Shahrbani (the city security office) were in the hands of the government. Since the head of Shahrbani was Dr. Mossadegh’s nephew and both the head of the army and the head of dejban were under his control and the fact that people supported Dr. M. and the NF with all their heart and without hesitation, we felt there was no reason for worry. But the facts on the ground were different since the head of the army was not a fighter and later suspicion grew around him. But it is highly unlikely that he, whom Dr. M. had trusted with a position that was always held by one of the Shah’s cronies, would betray him and work hand in hand with the enemy of Iran’s freedom and independence. Subsequently, by accepting this position, he was held in jail and spent three years of his life incarcerated with other freedom seekers.
As usual Dr. M. was in bed and members of the NF would come and go to and from his room and talk to him. Everyone was worried and frightened of what could happen. Dr. Sanjabi told us that he had mentioned to Dr. M. that he could bring enforcement from the Sanjabi tribe but that the latter had refused. Matters were growing worse by the hour and the noise was getting louder. Around 3 in the afternoon, lunch was served, but no one cared about food. After lunch, not many people stayed around including Dr. Sanjabi. It was reported to Dr. Fatemi’s family that he had been killed, so he went to his house to let his wife know that he was ok. After that, we did not see him [Fatemi] anymore. The other members of the NF gathered around Dr. M.’s room. Dr. M. was sitting on his bed, watching from his window. The sound of tanks and gunfire could be heard.
Dr. M. who knew his life was constantly under threat, had ordered the construction of a wall around the terrace in front of his room. On this summer terrace, the Dr. would sit in the evenings and meet with members of his cabinet and other NF people. The walls were protective in case someone fired a shot; only gunfire from the air would be dangerous.
All the time, people would come to the house and relay the most horrible news. One was that the guard to the (iron) door of Dr. M.’s house had been killed.
Dr. M.’s room was not very safe and quite small; it was located on the second floor of the house. This 3x4 room had windows on all four sides. On one corner was his bed. The door to the wall of his bed had a window towards the north. In front of the bed, there was a window measuring one meter which opened fully to the terrace, and to the left of the bed there was another door that opened to another room.
In this small and unsafe room, we were standing or sitting, all of us silent in his honor, but terrified at the same time. Whenever a door opened and someone would come in, our hearts beat faster. One of the visitors who came in was Mr. Daftari (the head of Shahrbani) who, after giving a military salute to Dr. M., started crying. Dr. M. was his uncle. But Daftari was the Shah’s crony and was the man in charge of destroying us. Perhaps his tears were not illogical since on the one hand, he was Dr. M.’s close relative (his brother’s son) and on the other hand, he had to obey orders by way of his position but also because of future promised positions and knowing that the Shah’s coup was in the making, and so he had decided to relent to the Shah, which made his cries those of a weak man who now felt exposed.
His cry, which at that moment meant the fall of Dr. M., had made everything clear for us.
In these trying moments, everyone was silent. While the news and the discussions seemed to reflect our doomed future, Mr. Nariman got up and took his revolver from his pocket. He then turned towards Dr. M. and said, isn’t better to get rid of ourselves before the enemy gets to us? I propose that we commit suicide. Dr. M. became agitated and told some of those in the room to take the revolver from his hand and shouted at him to sit down and told one of us to take the revolver and lock it in a drawer.
Long hours passed by slowly and with each passing hour, it seemed, our lives were in more danger and our arrest became imminent. But Dr. M. was still sitting in the same manner. Every once in a while, someone would propose to him to move to another room or leave the house, a house that eventually would be the target of destruction and fire so that he would not be in danger, but he would not listen. He then turned to us and said that he had decided to stay in this very house and die there. “I don’t expect any of you to stay and I am asking you to go to your homes,” he said. It was obvious that no one agreed to this. That is no one was ok with him staying in the room or leaving him there alone or getting separated from him.
In this very instance, a shot was fired from the direction of the wall from above the terrace, breaking the southern side of the windows of the room. This gunshot, if it had gone through the window, would have certainly hit Dr. M. We all became terrified and told Dr. M. that it was now time to move to the adjacent room. With our persistence and giving up to our demand, Dr. M. finally accepted to leave. Thus, we all left for the next rooms and finally left the house for the neighbor’s and went to the house next door by way of the rooftop. It was now getting dark; some jumped down from the roof and some held on to branches of trees that had been planted there, coming down slowly. We helped the Dr. to come down without harm but Mohandes Zirak-Zadeh broke his leg while jumping down.
In the neighbor’s house, the only person present was the caretaker. The owner and his family had gone to Shemiran for the summer season. The first thing that crossed our mind was whether we could stay in that house or not. We told the caretaker to call the owner and ask him if it was OK. Of course the answer was yes in the most respectful way.
Unfortunately the house was not ready for any occupants. There were no rugs or furniture and no food, not even for one meal. The basement of the house seemed safe so we all went there and sat on the cold floor without any covered rugs. We were all silent so as not to make any noise to be heard. Some wanted to call their families but it was not suitable.
It was a difficult night since everyone was hungry and there was nothing there to eat except a few pieces of bread. Some of our friends slept on a kelim which was laid on the floor and fell asleep from sheer fatigue. Gunfire could be heard. Then morning came and after some discussion, a few people left. I along with Dr. Sadiqi and Mohandes Moazami stayed with Dr. M. around … In the morning, with the streets empty, we went to the house of Mohandes Moazami’s mother which was nearby. There was much discussion on what to do next. Dr. Mossadegh believed that we should give ourselves up immediately and so we contacted Mr. Sharif Emami by telephone. It was around 7 pm that he called us and agreed to meet with us if necessary.
But a few moments later Dr. M. told us that we should not wait any longer and we should give ourselves up, so we decided to call the Shahrbani. One of the colleagues called the Shahrbani and we told them of our whereabouts.
It was at this moment that a few military servicemen who were looking around the neighborhood entered our house. They first looked into the rooms on the first floor and then they went upstairs to the second floor. Suddenly, they saw Dr. M and without saying anything, they notified the Shahrbani; Dr. M. told them that we were ready to surrender to the authorities on condition that they provide our safe departure.
At this time, a car appeared in front of the house and some individuals, whom we did not recognize, entered the house. Since we were all ready to leave anyway, they took us to the military headquarters. They immediately informed General Zahedi. A few military vehicles full of armed soldiers took us the Officers’ Club at which time we saw Zahedi waiting there on the steps; he shook Dr. M’s hands and then they incarcerated us right there.
A few hours later, in the middle of the night, they took Dr. Sadiqi and I to Shahrbani. In the morning, Dr. M. was informed and sent a message to Mr. Zahedi to the effect that, unless he let us come back to the Officers’ Club, he would start a hunger strike. It was because of this threat that we were returned to the Club and after 24 hours Dr. M. broke his hunger strike and we had breakfast with him.
We spent a few days at the Officers’ Club. One evening at midnight, they told us to get ready to leave again. Dr. Sadiqi, Mohandes Moazami and I were put into a jeep and taken to an unknown destiny. We drove this distance, each in separate cars. Fifteen minutes later, they handed us to the officer on duty at Saltanat Abad. It was in Saltanat Abad that our interrogation began. We did not know of each other’s well being as each of us was kept in a separate room. A few weeks later, we were taken to the Lashgar Zerehi. All this time, we did not know where Dr. Mossadegh was being held until one day they informed me that I should present myself at the trial. As I entered the courtroom and saw Dr. M. for the first time, I was very happy since until that point I had no idea how he was doing.
[When Dr. Shayegan saw Dr. Mossadegh in the courtroom for the first time after being separated from him, he recited the following verse: “Seeing a friend filled my heart so much so that I forgot all about myself”].
***********
The American Ambassador to Iran in a telegram dated 21st of August, describing the events of those days and of calmness in Tehran and other provincial towns, wrote, “ The most upsetting fact that we should take into account is that a few very dangerous individuals of the nationalist leaders have not been arrested as of yet. These include, Mossadegh, Fatemi, Shayegan, Hasibi and others. They could in turn cooperate with the Tudeh leaders and conspire with them. Fatemi, contrary to reports that he was assassinated on Aug. 19th, is still alive. He is the most notorious and infamous in Mossadegh’s entourage. Because of his vengeful nature, he will likely do anything to form an alliance of nationalists and Tudeh members.” (Colonel Nejati, Mossadegh: Years of Struggle and Resistance)
“After the arrest of Dr. Mossadegh, Dr. Shayegan, Dr. Sadighi, Mohandes Seifollah Moazami, on August 20th 1953, each and every one of Mossadegh’s colleagues was arrested and incarcerated. Among them were Abdolali Lotfi, Sartip Taghi Riahi, Bashir Farahmand (who was injured badly), Keshavarz Sadr and others. The military commander announced that more than 200 of the former government officials were arrested and taken to the prisons of Shahrbani, military prison. On 4th of Shahrivar, a group of them were taken to the prison of Falafolaflak and others were taken to Khark Island.” (Mohammad Ali Safari- Pen and Politics: An Overview of the Modern History of Iran).
*****************
Excerpts of an interview with Dr. Shayegan in 1980:
What do you think of the 25th of Mordad coup and how Dr. M. reacted towards the coup planners?
After the first coup we were not waiting for the second coup to take place and because of this the execution of Nasiri and other collaborators was never discussed. In light of what happened later, if the government had reacted more forcefully, perhaps the Aug 19th coup would not have occurred or at least not so fast. At my tribunal and that of Mohandess Razavi and Dr. Hossein Fatemi in order to provoke the judges against me they used the phrase I had uttered in a speech that “The item which was supposed to go to Egypt went to Baghdad instead.” [Referring to the Shah who fled to Baghdad].
They tried Dr. Mossadegh alone; but they tried Dr. Razavi, Dr. Fatemi and me together. Dr. Fatemi was arrested alone. This courageous man endured much in prison. He had been stabbed several times with a knife and could not even get out of bed. While lying on his back, his injuries got worse resulting in new wounds. Even until the day before his execution, everyone thought the Shah would pardon him. On the night of his execution, we went to bed happy, thinking that he was not in imminent danger. But they woke us up in the middle of the night to tell us whether we wanted to say our last good-byes to the Dr. Mohandes Razavi and I went to see him. In the room, Dr. Fatemi was sleeping on the bed. To talk about those moments is very difficult for me. In any case, after an hour or so, we heard shots fired; it was at that moment that Dr. Razavi and I realized that our friend and long- time colleague had been executed.
What do you think of the current situation and of the Revolution?
I have repeatedly expressed my opinion in this regard and I will say it again. I don’t know how much one should emphasize the importance of freedom and independence of Iran which must be at the forefront of the Revolution. But from what I have seen and heard in the last few weeks in Tehran and other cities, the news is worrisome. It is disturbing and disappointing that freedom seekers have been targeted. I even read in a newspaper that some people attempted to bomb my house. They must realize that like years before, when hundreds of thousands were not afraid of death, today the same number of people are not afraid of these threats and will continue the struggle…..
(Bamdad, No. 85, Sunday 28 Mordad 1358 (August 19, 1980)
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Good to see you R2D2
by anglophile on Sun Aug 26, 2012 12:51 PM PDT3A29
Thank you Ms Amini
by anglophile on Sun Aug 26, 2012 12:35 PM PDTI promised my good friend "ALL IRANIAN" not to engage you in any further exchages on this blog and I won't. I got the answer that I expected.
oh, my father you asked? He was not invited to work with Khomeini.
Good evening.
Saeidi Sirjani
by Fariba Amini on Sun Aug 26, 2012 12:28 PM PDTThank you for posting the article about Saeidi Sirjani.
He was a jewel whose murder was directly ordered by no other than Khamenei.
Here is what I wrote a few years ago aftrer I interviewied his daughter, Sayeh.
By Fariba Amini
August 12, 2003
The Iranian
Omidvaar vojoudi ke az jahaan beravad
Miaan Khalgh be niki bemaanad aassaarash -- Sa'di
In Iranian neo-classical literature the name of Ali Akbar
Saeedi Sirjani is
engraved in gold. His contribution to the many aspects of Iranian
literature is
without a doubt impressive and phenomenal. Saeedi was not just
a poet, a writer, a critic, a teacher, but above all a
gentle human being.
There is only handful of the literary crowd
that remains. Most have died, either from grief over the loss
of their homeland or have been
eliminated by those who have seized their homeland.
Individuals like Gholam-Hoseein Saedi, Mohammad Mokhtari,
Mahmoud Tafazoli,
Ahmad Shamlou, Nader Naderpour, Feryedoun Moshiri and many
others who died
in the name of Iran and for Iran.
Saeedi Sirjani, lived for Iran and died for Iran.
Sayeh is his reflection; she is the daughter who speaks as eloquently
as her
father. As her name suggests, she is his shadow. With a low voice
she speaks
of him, of her life, of what her father taught her and of the
bleak past and
of a bright future. She is the echo of Saeedi Sirjani. Like others,
Sirjani died, not in vain, but in the highest form of death,
for the devotion to
his country and his culture.
Who killed him? Who came to his house and found nothing and took
everything
and anything. Who accused him of wrongdoing? Who portrayed him
as a traitor?
Who accused him of sodomy! Who took him to prison and tortured
him, then poisoned him and then
shamelessly and in the most coward way, said he died from a heart
attack? THEY are those claiming to represent
God while perpetuating a vicious carnage far worse than
that of
Chengiz and the Mongols or former and recent dynasties.
THEY are not foreigners.
They are from the very land
Saeedi came from. They are our homeland's bad seeds. They
are ignorant
thieves who have placed their sinful hands on the natural resources
of Iran
and have attempted to silence the best of its human resources.
They killed
Saeedi Sirjani. By killing him, they tried to eradicate not a man
but a literary
legend. By destroying him, they killed a priceless treasure. By
his murder,
they tried to strangle Iran.
one last reply
by Fariba Amini on Sun Aug 26, 2012 12:11 PM PDTMy father resigned one month after his appointment. He was the first governor who resigned. I was there.
He took his resignation to Khomeini and told him , you keep talking about Mostazaaf and Mostakbar but you have made everyone Mostaasal.
He never saw Khomeini again and he never spoke to him ever again.
He voiced his opposition to the illegal and unlawful exection of the Shah 's generals.
That was my father. Who was yours Mr. Ang? Enlighten us!
A Note To Friends On Both Sides ...
by R2-D2 on Sun Aug 26, 2012 10:31 PM PDTI've been reading the comments back and forth between those supporting Dr. Mossadeq and his group, and those supporting the Pahlavis and the late Shah -
I have to say that the level of animosity and vitriol coming from both sides is most unfortunate -
Let me share something with you: I'm in my early 50's, been educated both in UK, and the U.S. - As I've grown older, I've come to the deliberate conclusion that very rarely, if at all, there are leaders who are either totally evil, or for that matter, totally good - There is always a mix of the two (2) -
When I was growing up, I had, and still do, a great deal of admiration for Dr. Mossadeq - In my personal opinion, he is, and will always be, a great symbol of Patriotism for all Iranians -
Having said that, all of us who look objectively at his record and conduct, have to admit that he had a number of shortcomings vis-a-vis his dealings with the British - There are many who believe, including myself, that he couuld have struck some kind of a deal with the British at the time -
Perhaps not getting everything that he wanted right away, but in due course - Let's not forget that the Americans were negotiating with the Saudis, etc., for a 50-50 arrangement while all the stuff was going on in Iran - The British had to ultimately give in to a similar arrangemt -
Having said that, I've always admired Reza Shah also - Without the person of Reza Shah, there would be no Iran as we know it today -
For those who know history, Iran at the end of Qajars was moving steadily and progressively towards a "Molook-ol-Tavayefi" system - Had a strong leader such as Reza Shah not come to power, there is absolutely no question in my mind that Iran would have become something perhaps in many ways similar to the Afghanistan today -
As I have mentioned earlier in this comment, each leader, especially the great ones, have negative aspects to their personalities - I mentioned Dr. Mossadeq earlier on - And, to be fair, we all know about the excesses of Reza Shah, including his bullying, land grab, etc., also -
What I'm trying to say is, on balance, both Reza Shah and Dr. Mossadeq, were net positive for our Beloved Iran, but in different ways -
Regarding Mohammad Reza Shah, I grew up under his regime - As I said, I'm in my early 50's, and remember distinctly growing up under him in the 1960's and 70's -
Back then, so far as we didn't get involved in Politics, we had all kinds of Civil Liberties, etc. - I remember vividly going around with my friends, etc., and basically did anything we wanted to do so long as we didn't get involved in Politics -
Having said that, Mohammad Reza Shah did not have the power of personality that his father, Reza Shah, did - There is no question in my mind that had Reza Shah been in power in 1979, this Islamic Revolution would have never taken place -
I've said all of this to ask my fellow Iranians to be more tolerant with one another - By reading these comments in this thread, it's quite obvious that some of our fellow Iranian friends on both sides, lack total objectivity regarding both the Shah or Dr. Mossadeq -
To create an "Emam-Zadeh" out of Dr. Mossadeq, is immature, childish, and unrealistic - As I've said earlier, Dr. Mossadeq is, and will always be, a great Iranian Patriot, and a symbol of resistance to Great Powers - But his shortcomings are clearly obvious, and well documented, for those who want to objectively look at them -
Having said that, those who look at Mohammad Reza Shah, and his father Reza Shah, as being more or less infallible, are just fooling themselves - As with Dr. Mossadeq, all truths and realities are well documented for those who want to look at them objectively -
I sincerely hope that my friends on this thread are neither "Mossadeq-ollahi", nor "Shah-ollahi" - It's one thing to support either of the two (2) gentlemen wholeheartedly, however, it's something totally different to worship at their respective altars -
Finally, we know that this Islamic regime is not (Repeat: "Is Not") what people back in 1979 had hoped for - This is not necessarily the fault of "Islam" - If you read history, for several hundred years in Europe religion and politics were mixed together - However, the Europeans ultimately got fed up with it, and that's primarily why we have Secular Democracies in Europe -
I hope my friends on this thread give some consideration to what I've written here - By bickering among yourselves, in such a "Repulsive" and "Unreasonable" way, you are essentially wasting your energy and time on the main culprit at hand: This Islamic regime in Our Beloved Iran which must and should be removed -
Wishing Everyone The Best,
Sincerely,
R D
کم کن طمع از جهان و میزی خرسند
anglophileSun Aug 26, 2012 12:06 PM PDT
کم کن طمع از جهان و میزی خرسند
از نیک و بد زمانه بگسل پیوند
می در کف و زلف دلبری گیر که زود
هم بگذرد و نماند این روزی چند
Unlikely symbol of unity!
by Arj on Sun Aug 26, 2012 11:26 AM PDTThe runaway king, HIM MR Shah could hardly be considered a symbol of unity since everytime he smelled trouble, he'd pack up and embark on an emergency vacation! Would a symbol of unity flee the scene when he/she is needed the most? Would the epitome of a nation's unity bail out at the time of crisis and outsource the restoration of his throne to foreigners?
چون امر فرمودید مطاعم
anglophileSun Aug 26, 2012 10:24 AM PDT
سر ارادت ما و آستان حضرت دوست
که هر چه بر سر ما میرود ارادت اوست
Jenab-e Anglophile
by All-Iranians on Sun Aug 26, 2012 10:02 AM PDTPlease forgive and forget. The Topics of the Day are not Fariba Amini, Mossadegh, Bazargan, Yazdi, Khomaini, and Shah. The Topic of the Day is Ali-Akbar Saiidi Sirjani, here:
//iranian.com/main/blog/all-iranians-125
Seriously!
Before you go, would you answer one last question? Please?
by anglophile on Sun Aug 26, 2012 09:25 AM PDTAnglophone, you and the likes of you are the reason for I.R.I.
by ham1328 on Sun Aug 26, 2012 07:43 AM PDTIt is so pathetic that Reza Pahlavi cannot get, but a few likes on his facebook page that was started to get a MILLION likes. If Shah was so great, can you tell us why he ran away when his master told him to? And left all of his men behind, most in prison? You idioits are playing right into the hands of those who want us devided, so they can remain conquerors..... THERE IS NO CURE FOR STUPIDITY.
Dr. Yarshater on N. Amini
by Fariba Amini on Sun Aug 26, 2012 07:19 AM PDTThe late Mr. Nosratollah Amini was one of the distinguished personalities of Dr. Mosaddeq era. He served from 1951-1953 as the Mayor of Tehran, appointed by Dr. Mosaddeq as one of the people he trusted their integrity and capability.
I became acquainted with Mr. Amini through a common friend, Dr. Mahmoud Sana’i, Professor of psychology at the University of Tehran. Sana’i was from Arak, the same city that Amini came from, and they were close friends. He introduced me to Amini and I became fascinated by his personality. He had a keen sense of humor, but what initially attracted me most was the amount of poetry that he could recite from memory and the effective way he recited them. Acquaintance led to friendship and to a deep admiration of his many qualities.
His speech had a slight and pleasant trace of Araki accent. Even though our meetings were mostly spent in enjoyment of Persian poetry, there was also a serious side to Amini’s life and thinking. He loved Iran profoundly and cared about its fate. His patriotism and his dislike of communism attracted him to Dr. Mosaddeq. His devotion to Dr. Mosaddeq’s way of thinking soon made Amini a confident and helper of his. When Dr. Mosaddeq fell, Amini remained a staunch supporter of him and showed a fidelity that continued to the end of his life.
In 1961 I left Iran to reside in New York. For a number of years I did not have adequate news of him. I heard that he had been appointed at the beginning of the Revolution the Governor of Fars, but he had resigned after a month. In 1979 he left Iran and took residence in the US in Virginia. Many years later when I eventually saw him in a gathering, life had taken its toll and he was on a wheelchair, but his liveliness and presence of mind had not suffered. It was a pleasure to see him with his pleasant smile, brightening his face.
I visited him in his residence and we talked about good old days. I was glad to see that Mrs. Amini and his kindly daughter, Fariba, were taking good care of him. But nature does not make any exceptions. A day came when I heard the sad news of his passing. I attended his memorial as did many of his old friends. I am glad that his children keep his memory alive.
Ehsan Yarshater,
New York,
April 6, 2011
End of the conversation
by Fariba Amini on Sun Aug 26, 2012 05:57 AM PDTI will not waste my time with Mr. Ang. He is ignorant and has a personal agenda.
But when a good discussion becomes personal and insulting, it is time to end it. However, before I leave these pages, I will have to notify you Mr. Shirzadegan, or whoever you are. Make sure you have documented facts before speaking your mind. That is my beloved father always told me. I will not allow you or the likes of you to tarnish the name of one of the most honest, hardworking, compassionate and honorable men of Iran, that is Nosratollah Amini. My father was called the mayor of the south of Tehran. He brought plumbing to the impoverished areas. He kicked out all the corrupt people from the municipality and several times was threatened. Although he became Dr. M.'s personal attorney, and was paid for his services, he deposited all of it, ALL OF IT into the account of Najmieh hospital which had 14 beds for the poor. He did not take a penny of that money for himself. After the coup, my parents had to sell their belongings in order to survive. In fact, Ali Akbar Dehkhoda ( do you know who he is? ) came to their rescue.
on an outing with the Shah (before the coup) M.R. Pahlavi told my father who was the mayor of Tehran at the time "Mr. Amini this was one of the best days of my life." this after taking the Shah all day to tour the southern areas of the city.
But that Shah changed though my father never changed. He was offered the post of Minister of Justice many years later but he did not accept.
FYI- since you seem to be ignorant in the knowledge of your own history, let me tell you a few things. "Nosratollah Amini who became Governor of Fars after the Revolution when hearing that Khalkhali and his thugs were on their way to Shiraz to destroy Takht e Jamshid announced on the radio that it will be over my dead body and he ordered the military to confront them. He saved Persepolis. He was the first governor to resign and told Khomeini, I cannot perform my duties when the rule of law is non-existant and a bunch of Pasdars are running the show. He also tried to stop the hooligans who were defacing the Bahai cemetaries.
My father had a reputation that is flawless. Not only do I not allow the likes of you to insult his memory but I will take legal action agianst those who do. Simple as that.
As that Mr. Ang, khoda be raheh rast hedayatash konad. Poor soul must have a lot of baggage and only spits out garbage. ( sorry that I am rude but I have had it with this guy).
End of the conversation. Good day gentlemen (those who are truly gentlemen).
I just give you a little (diluted) taste of your own medicine
by anglophile on Sun Aug 26, 2012 05:12 AM PDTMr. A. is rude and insulting especially towards Dr. M."
F. Amini
Such vitriol coming from the very person (and persons) whose language towards the Pahlavi monarchs makes saint out of her foul-mouthed heros like Fatemi and Karimpour-Shirazi!! The only words that Ms Amini seems to have got it almost right are these: "I have come to believe more and more that there will never be a reconciliation between nationalist forces and monarchists." F. Amini If, God forbid, representatives of the so called nationalists are the like of Amini (siblings), Kazemzadeh, Parham and the rest of the trolls, there is no hope in hell for this lot to give up their idolatrous relationship with the Demagogue Mossadegh. Thankfully I, for one, hav no claim to represent the monarchists.Mr. Aynak, Iran's history is not limited to Nader
by Shirzadegan on Sun Aug 26, 2012 02:56 AM PDTWhat kind of nationalism you are that you're ashmed of Iran's history? As a person who is nationalist you have to be ashmed of the crowd of "National front" who were KHAEN and back stabb our people 33 years ago. you should be ashmed of Mosaddeq's followers who sold out our beautiful country to a bunch of the rag heads and put our nation in such a mess. I haven't seen they even want to apologize for supporting Khaminie in those days. The tape of Karim Sanjabi is still around who were saying Islamic government is a democracy. Back then I was a little kid and I was thinking that guy had doctora degree from Sorbon. He probably knows more than I did.
On the other hand, Amini's family were getting paid by Mosaddeq. The family don't deny that. Now what do you expect? do you expect they tell the truth even it is against Mosaddeq? Would you be saying anything agains Mosaddeq it if your family were paid.? Of course not. Because of their financial bounding, they have a tendency to fabricate Iran's history. To create false character of Mosaddeq to show their royalities to whatever they were paid for. The falsification of Mossadeq character had been reinforced by left wing medias in western countries, what about you Mr. Aynak? Did your family get paid by Mosaddeq.? If not,please don't let these people to fabricate Iran's history. The fact is this man was trying to ousted our shahanshah to take a revenge from old scorn. To take a revenge from the son of Ghazagh who ended Qjar corrupted family. I may write a blog later on to show you and others about the corruption of Qjar family.
If shah wouldn't return in 1953, our nation would have been hurt. The same as our nation was hurt when shah left in 1979.
1953 was the same scenario as 1979 but under different name. Our people were able to see the result of 1979 mess, but our people were not able to see the result of 1953, so some people keep fantasizing of what would have been happened. Amini's family galvanize those fantasies and they promise that Iran would have been like a paradise without shah. Iran would have been leaded by Mosaddeq and his comrades tudeh party members back by Soviet Union.Then Iran would have been like a paradise.
Isn't that the time to wake up Mr. Aynak.
BTW,
When you walk on streets of Alabama or any foreign country, just remember, as an Iranian, you carry over 5000 years history of "Padeshahi" on your shoulder. Eiither you like it or dislike it.
bad niyatan
by Fariba Amini on Sat Aug 25, 2012 11:34 AM PDTFriends,
Those who allow themselves to use foul language on this website should not be allowed to do so.
Mr. A. is rude and insulting especially towards Dr. M.
I have learned throughout the years that there is no reason or logic to discuss anything with the likes of monarchists like him. They use insult and have no shame in doing so. Not even living in the West has taught them to be civil or have a civil discourse with their compatriots.
Dear Aynak,
Thank you for the beautiful poem.
At the end of the day, Iranians will judge who was a traitor and who was not. We will let history judge.
Be kouri cheshm-e hameh bad niyatan, Mossadegh stands tall.
and he, unlike his majest,y did not have to pay a French journalist to write his praises and the guy actually didn't even do it!
Thank you Fariba, Aynak, Massoud and...
by ham1328 on Sat Aug 25, 2012 10:24 AM PDTI was raised in a national front family and I am old enough to recal the 28 of AMORDAD. FYI, Reza Pahlavi claims that the coup of 28 of Mordad was a fairy tail, I tell you, it was anything but a fairy tail. I want to thank those of you, who are not rewriting history. Dr. Mosaddag the great, was the only Iranian that brought democracy in Iran in the past 100 years. However short lived it was, no one can compare Dr. M's government to anything since the shameful day of 28TH. of Mordad, 1332.
Hamid,
you would not give up would you Siamak
by aynak on Sat Aug 25, 2012 09:31 AM PDTI posed you some questions, you never answered. I am certainly ashamed of Nader, Reza Shah was a tyrant not as bad as Nader though. Please remember, if you think Shah would be symbol of unity for Iran, it would be anything but. BTW, whenever asked about my place of origin, I have always identified as from Iran, and not Persia. Even in Jackson Alabama.
ایران برای همه ایرانیان
دولت ایرانیان - فقط با رای ایرانیان
نه ولایت وقیح نه پادشاه سفیه
Reminder for Aynak...
by Shirzadegan on Sat Aug 25, 2012 08:18 AM PDTWhenever you walk on streets of San Francisco and proudly says to the people " I am Persian" (NOT Iranian) just remember that your pride and strength comes from Iran's rich history. Subconsciously, you associate yourself with all Iran's kings and Iran's rich history. The history of "Padeshahi". Those are the one who give you strength and pride. Our kings such as Koroush, Nader, Reza shah the great. ..........Padeshahi is in the "Collective Uncosicous" of every Iranians.
Just take a look at westerners and see how they glorifiy their history by bragging excessively about ROMAN EMPIRE in Hollywood movies. The same Empire who were defeated by Persians and our king Shahpour III took their queen (Valerian) in captivity and brought her to Persia, but westerners rarely talk about it. Why don't you learn from westerners?
P.S
"Collective Unconsicous" is a psychological term which was used by Carl Jung, the Swiss psychologist. He conceptualized that the existence of universal contentless forms that channel experiences and emotions, resulting in recognizable and typical patterns of behavior with certain probable outcomes (Archetype).
انگل:بیسبب از خائن غالب حمایت می کنی
aynakSat Aug 25, 2012 07:35 AM PDT
این شعر عشقی که اصلا ربطی به مصدق نداشت مرا یاد بقیه تحریفات ودروغ های
او و ثابتی انداخت. خوشبختانه برای تاریخ و شور بختانه برای ثابتی ها و
نوکران و نوکر صفتان، فرخی یزدی این را در مورد پهلوی سروده که در عین غم
انگیز بودن، پاسخ یک شاعراست که خود مورد شکنجه قرار گرفته، و به یاوه گویی
های "ثابتی" ها و دروغ های دیگر تحریف کنندگان تاریخ پاسخ می دهد- چه ملت
ایران از راه سرودن شعر تاریخ را ثبت کرده- و مینماید: از فرخی یزدی:
راستی نبود بجز افسانه و غیر از دروغ
آنچه ای "انگل" وجدان کش حکایت می کنی
بیجهت از خادم مغلوب گویی ناسزا
بی سبب ازخائن غالب حمایت می کنی
پیش چشم مرمدان چون شب بود رویت سیاه
زانکه در هر روز ای جانی حمایت میکنی
از رضا جز نا رضایی حکمفرما گرچه نیست
بعد از این از او هم اظهار رضایت میکنی
تقدیمی از شاعری که لبش دوختید - ولی باز خاموش نشد.
پدر ملت ايران، اگر اين بي پدر است...
anglophileSat Aug 25, 2012 07:02 AM PDT
پدر ملت ايران، اگر اين بي پدر است
به چنين ملت و گور پدرش بايد ريد
"میرزاده عشقی"
خانم جون مثل اینکه سرکار هنوز دو ریالی مبارکتون نیفتاده؟ اگر اصل بر این بود که هرکس چقدر تو حساب بانکیش پول داره امام خمینی که سرکار در دوران تین ایجری اعلامیههاشون رو پخش میکردین از همه پاک تر بود. بیچاره نه مثل مصدق السّلطنه املاک فارس رو بنام خودش کرده بود و ملک احمد آباد داشت، نه پول و ثروت از خودش اونقدر داست که که حقوق نگیره از مجلس و پول سفرهای خودشو و همراهی هاش رو هم بده، نه پول داشت که دخترشو بفرسته گرونترین موسسه طبی سوئیس و نه وقتی املاکشو بعد از اصلاحات ارضی گرفتند قر و لند میکرد. پس بنا به منطق شما خمینی باید بدر ملت ایران باش چون از هردو مصدق السّلطنه و شاه بی نیاز تر بود.
جالب ترا اینجاست که شاه را که شما و سایر عزاادرن ۲۸ مردادی آلت فعل آمریکا مینامید همون آمریکا قبول نکرد ولی جالبتر این است که تمام همیاران مصدق که به اصطلاح خودشان از کودتای امریکأیی زخم خورده بودند و حکومتشان از هم پاشیده بود به همون آمریکا پناهنده شدند و آمریکا هم با آغوش باز ازشان استقبال کرد (که روز لازم ازشان استفاده ببرد که برد) از جمله خانواده شریف خودتان.
بیش از پنجاه سال است که مصدق پرستان به پخش دروغهای "باور یافته" پرداخت از جمله این آخری که اخوی مبارک میباشند. ببین کار به کجا کشیده که بچه نوکران استخدام شده بی بی سی فارسی هم به این بازار مکاره پیوسته و از دوستان دست نشانده خودشان که در به روی کار آمدن آخوند کمک کردند قدر دانی میکنند:
//www.guardian.co.uk/books/2012/mar/02/patriot-persia-christopher-bellaigue-review
تو خود حدیث مفصل بخوان از این مجمل.
another ang from Mr. ang.
by Fariba Amini on Sat Aug 25, 2012 05:52 AM PDTIt is funny that all these people have come up with their memoirs all of a sudden, Sabeti, Afshar, etc. in order to target Mossadegh and make the Pahlavis look royal and correct.
We all know how corruption ruled the Pahlavi regime starting from the top and especially among the many brothers and sisters.
Not you Mr. Ang and not anybody else can tarnish the name and legacy of Dr Mohmmad Mossadegh.
None of the men around Dr. M. were corrupt or went to Nice and Cannes for their holidays. None of the men around Mossadegh abused their power and took money from the treasury. None of the men around Mossadegh bowed to his Majesty, not even Bakhtiar and kissed his hands.
The monarch was corrupt to the bone like his sisters and brothers especially that woman Ashraf who was found with 800,000 FF and held at the Paris airport, none, NONE of Mossadegh's honorable entourage did anything illegal or wrong. But many of the former officials of the Pahalvi regime were corrupt and looted the treasury except maybe a few who left Iran without a dime, many sargord and military people who had to drive taxis in Washington, DC to live. RP and his family helped none of them while they attended royal weddings and traveled Europe and stayed in 3000 a night hotels.
Mossadegh lived in his rundown estate until he died. He never accepted any money for his travels and paid his taxes. Which Iranian official did that?
At the end though, his Majesty heard the people's voice, well a little too late. At the end, his majesty had to find refuge not even his American friends would let him stay and died outside Iran.
Mossadegh died in his homeland, and buried in his own house after the Shah refused that he be buried next to the martyrs of 30 Tir.
I have come to believe more and more that there will never be a reconciliation between nationalist forces and monarchists.
How many books have been written about Mossadegh in the last decade? How many books have been written about the Shah?
He is the Father of our Nation and one day we will celebrate his birthday in Iran Be kouri cheshm shoma va arbaban engilisi!
another ang from Mr. ang.
by Fariba Amini on Sat Aug 25, 2012 05:52 AM PDTIt is funny that all these people have come up with their memoirs all of a sudden, Sabeti, Afshar, etc. in order to target Mossadegh and make the Pahlavis look royal and correct.
We all know how corruption ruled the Pahlavi regime starting from the top and especially among the many brothers and sisters.
Not you Mr. Ang and not anybody else can tarnish the name and legacy of Dr Mohmmad Mossadegh.
None of the men around Dr. M. were corrupt or went to Nice and Cannes for their holidays. None of the men around Mossadegh abused their power and took money from the treasury. None of the men around Mossadegh bowed to his Majesty, not even Bakhtiar and kissed his hands.
The monarch was corrupt to the bone like his sisters and brothers especially that woman Ashraf who was found with 800,000 FF and held at the Paris airport, none, NONE of Mossadegh's honorable entourage did anything illegal or wrong. But many of the former officials of the Pahalvi regime were corrupt and looted the treasury except maybe a few who left Iran without a dime, many sargord and military people who had to drive taxis in Washington, DC to live. RP and his family helped none of them while they attended royal weddings and traveled Europe and stayed in 3000 a night hotels.
Mossadegh lived in his rundown estate until he died. He never accepted any money for his travels and paid his taxes. Which Iranian official did that?
At the end though, his Majesty heard the people's voice, well a little too late. At the end, his majesty had to find refuge not even his American friends would let him stay and died outside Iran.
Mossadegh died in his homeland, and buried in his own house after the Shah refused that he be buried next to the martyrs of 30 Tir.
I have come to believe more and more that there will never be a reconciliation between nationalist forces and monarchists.
How many books have been written about Mossadegh in the last decade? How many books have been written about the Shah?
He is the Father of our Nation and one day we will celebrate his birthday in Iran Be kouri cheshm shoma va arbaban engilisi!
It is the difference of style
by aynak on Fri Aug 24, 2012 06:06 PM PDTArm struggle was simply not an approach that Mossadegh subscribed to. The same way we can not imagine Ghandi advocating arm struggle. We can always second guess (particularly since the outcome was disastrous) but as I wrote below, it *did not have to be* the same way. For instance, if as had happened a number of times in Shah's first 13 years, after Mossadegh's fall (say even after a few months) there were --free election-- held. Imagine in 30th of Tir Mossadegh ordered an armed uprising? Would that have been smart?
The very fact that Mossadegh did not fight Shah's decree militarily means he could have been eligible for forming a new government. Again like I said same way Qhavam came and went and came back again.
The real issue (and this should be the focus e) is when the head of household (and that would have been Shah) commits treason, which he did both with respect to accepting foreign powers decree and later betraying Mashroteh completely and unequivocally. My view is, Mossadegh could do very little lawfully, after Shah's treason.
خاطره سوم از دکتر امیر اصلان افشار
anglophileFri Aug 24, 2012 02:27 PM PDT
خاطره سوم:
محمد مصدق تا موقع تشکیل جلسه دادگاه با هیچ کس ملاقاتی نکرد. تنها کسی که با او دیدار داشت سفیر ایران آقای نواب و من (یعنی آقای دکتر امیر اصلان افشار بود ) محمد مصدق از اتاقش بیرون نمی آمد و تماسی هم با کسی نداشت. ولی بیشتر همراهانشان دائماً در گردش و خرید و تفریح بودند و همان طور که عرض کردم بقول غلام حسین مصدق پسر محمد مصدق بیشتر سیاهی لشگر بودند. به عقیده دکتر امیر اصلان افشار محمد مصدق لازم نبود اصلاً یک چنین هیئتی را با خود بیاورد 3 –4 نفر از همکارانشان کافی بود
توجه شود: آقای دکتر اصلان افشار تعریف می کند صبح روز بعد رفتیم به هتل. مصدق حاضر و آماده بود. خیلی راحت از هتل پالاس بیرون آمد و به تنهائی سوار اتومبیل شد و به دادگاه لاهه آمد. ولی وقتی از اتومبیل پیاده شد چنان نشان داد که نمی تواند راه برود و دو نفر زیر بغل ایشان را گرفتند، که یکی پسرش غلام حسین مصدق بود و دیگری آقای نواب سفیر ایران در هلند و مصدق لنگان لنگان داخل دادگاه شد و سر جای خودش نشست. در صورتی که قبلاً خیلی راحت سوار اتو مبیل شده بود. //mojazza.blogspot.co.uk/2012/08/blog-post.htmlخاطره دیگری از دکتر امیر اصلان افشار
anglophileFri Aug 24, 2012 02:20 PM PDT
خاطرهای از دکتر امیر اصلان افشار در باره شایگان
anglophileFri Aug 24, 2012 02:22 PM PDT
دکتر امیر اصلان افشار در خاطراتش که اخیرا چاپ گردیده و در نهایت ادب دیپلماتیک که شایسته یکی از عالیقدرترین اعضای وزارت خارجه ایران دیروز میبود در کاتره در باره دادگاه لاهه دارد که جا دارد که در اینجا نقل شوند.
خاطره اول:
ماجرای دادگاه لاهه به روایت دکتر امیر اصلان افشار
طبق مقررات دادگاه بین المللی لاهه به شکایاتی که از طرف کشوری مانند انگلستان که بر علیه کشور دیگری مانند ایران ارائه می شود دیوان دادگستری لاهه برای دولت مقابل یعنی دولت ایران مهلت پاسخگوئی تعین می کند. دولت انگلستان شکایت خود را داده بود. دولت ایران برای پاسخ گوئی یا دفاع از خود حد اکثر یک ماه ونیم فرصت داشت تا جواب یا لایحه دفاعی خود را به دادگاه لاهه بدهند. سفیر ایران آقای حسین نواب از یک ماه پیش مرتب تلگراف رمز به ایران می فرستاد و خواهش می کرد جواب یا لایحه دفاعی خود را به دقت تهیه کنید تا در روز و ساعت مقرر در این جا باشد. آقای نواب مرتب یاد آوری می کرد 3 هفته مانده، 2 هفته مانده، 10 روز مانده، مرتب تلگراف پشت تلگراف فرستاده می شد که به موقع لایحه دفاعی را بفرستند. ولی تا دو روز به پایان مهلت قانونی هیچ جوابی از تهران نیامده بود. آقای نواب دوباره تلگراف فرستاد که دو روز بیشتر نمانده، بالاخره به تلگراف آقای نواب جواب داده شد که به عللی صلاح نبود لایحه دفاعی بوسیله شرکت هواپیمائی ک . ال . ام ( K . L . M ) فرستاده شود. زیرا مصدق فکر می کرد در ایران همه جاسوس انگلیس هستند. ( به نظر من که این مطالب را برای شما باز گو میکنم بقول معروف عذر بد تر از گناه میباشد زیرا مصدق می توانست توسط یکی از افراد مطمئن هزار فامیل خود لایحه دفاعی را به موقع به دست مسئولان سفارت ایران در لاهه برساند بهر حال ) لایحه دفاعی بوسیله دکتر شایگان و آقای اصغر پارسا و آقای حسن صدر حاج سید جوادی فرستاده شد. و آقایان با شرکت هوا پیمائی Iranian Airways به آمستردام میروند و به گفته هوا پیمائی در ساعت 7 صبح در آنجا خواهند بود. حالا آقایان چه روزی می رسند؟ همان روزی که بایستی ساعت 4 بعد از ظهر لایحه دفاعی به دیوان داد گستری لاهه تحویل داده شود و رسید گرفته شود. در روز موعود من ( یعنی آقای امیر اصلان افشار ) و آقای حسین شهریار ساعت 7 صبح در آمستردام بودیم. مسافران همه خسته و کوفته رسیدند چون تمام شب در راه بودند. این سفر هیئت ایرانی فقط برای دادن لایحه دفاعی ایران به داد گاه لایحه بود. بهر حال در سفارت آقای نواب با قهوه و شیرینی از آقایان شایگان و صدر حاج سید جوادی و پارسا پذیرائی کرد تا این که بعداً لایحه دفاعی را برسانیم به دادگاه. آقایان که قهو ه شان را خوردند ( وقت هم دارد همین طور تند تند می گذرد ) آقای نواب گفت لایحه دفاعی را بدهید تا دکتر امیر اصلان افشار قبل از ساعت 4 برساند به دادگاه لاهه و رسید بگیرد. دکتر شایگان که وزیر کابینه و رئیس این هیئت بود کیفش را باز کرد تا متن لایحه دفاعی را در بیاورد. وقتی که کیفش را باز کرد نگاه کرد هی ورق زد! تمام کاغذ ها را بیرون آورد اما لایحه دفاعی دولت ایران در آن نبود! دکتر شایگان رو کرد به آقای پارسا و گفت من لایحه را به شما داده بودم؟ آقای پارسا گفت کی شما لایحه را به من دادید ! ؟ متن لایحه نزد خودتان بود و قرار بود شما آن را حفظ کنید تا دست کسی نیفتد؟ دکتر شایگان بر گشت و از آقای حسن صدر حاج سید جوادی پرسید. آقای حسن صدر حاج سید جوادی هم گفت آقا من که اصلاً کارمند وزارت خارجه نیستم. من یک وکیل حقوقی از وزارت دادگستری هستم و آمده ام تا از مسائل حقوقی ای که در این جا است با خبر شوم، بهر حال هر سه آقایان به لاهه آمده بودند بدون لایحه دفاعی دولت ایران.
آقای نواب با عصبانیت گفت آقایان شما از تهران راه افتاده اید خودتان را به این جا رسانده اید. هیچ کدام از شما به فکر آوردن لایحه نبودید من به دادگاه لاهه چی بگویم؟ بعد عصبانی شد گفتخاک بر سر همه تان ! شما ها می خواهید نفت را ملی کنید شما ها می خواهید شرکت ملی نفت ایران را مانند شرکت های بین المللی نفت دنیا اداره کنید. آن قدر عرضه ندارید که چند ورق کاغذ را با خودتان بیاورید تا این جا از خودتان دفاع کنید! حالا بنده این جا چه کار کنم؟ بجز خجالت،چی بگویم؟//mojazza.blogspot.co.uk/2012/08/blog-post.html
Well, well, well
by anglophile on Fri Aug 24, 2012 03:45 PM PDTThe peace-loving, non-violent democratic Mossadeghollahis of yeasterday are showing their true colours today. So voilence is not bad after all - cheshmo delam roshan - LOL
The only thing that the readers of this blog must remember is that Mossadeghollahis have no problem with violence as long as someone else does the dirty job for them.
The founding fathers of the new generation of Mossadeghollahi shut their mouths when the Ayatollah and his henchmen were executing all those Shahi thugs without giving them a fair trial. They stood by in silence when Chamran and Co were murdering Kurds in droves.
These lying cheating coward deserve contempt more than pity,
Parham joon - your one-liners mano koshteh :)))
agree
by Fariba Amini on Fri Aug 24, 2012 10:13 AM PDTI absolutely agree with Masoud and Parham. I think this whole idea of non-violence is a bit exaggerated. You cannot fight guns with roses.
Thank you Z for the many good comments. If only we studied the number of legislations passed during 3 years of his premiership, and during a very turbulant time when so many forces were against him, we would all have to bow down and say Thank you Dr. for doing what you did in such a short period. For standing up to injustice and defending your naiton vis a vis two powers. Thank you and we are grateful that you gave it all and at the end asked for nothing in return.
I think...
by Parham on Fri Aug 24, 2012 08:39 AM PDT,,, this part of what Masoud wrote has never been more true than now, and it requires a lot of reflection:
"....non-violence does not work against brutal SAVAGES who are willing to do any massacres and any brutalities in order to stay in power."
Regards to all.