اگر رضا شاه به سلطنت نمی رسید و نام خانوادگی پهلوی را اختیار نمی کرد شهرتش احتمالاً سواد کوهی می بود و پسرش نیز محمد رضا سوادکوهی خوانده می شد. و شاید استفاده از این ترفند زبانی سرپناه مناسبی برای گریز از کولاک حب و بغضی باشد که هنوز نام و کارنامه شاه را دنبال می کند و امکان داوری محققانه در باره او را از ما می گیرد.
تقارن حکومت آخرین سلسله پادشاهی در ایران با عصر ایدئولوژی نیز به دشواری کار می افزاید. درعصر ایدئولوژی فرد نه بر اساس صفات و رفتارش و یا موقعیت زمان و زمانش بلکه به اعتبار پدیدارهای کیهانی و تاریخی فراگیرتری داوری می شود. در این دیدگاه شاه نیز نه ملغمه ای از خصایص و اعمال خوب یا بد، درست یا نادرست بلکه (در بینش منتقدان) مظهر ساختارهای ستبری از قبیل فراماسونری جهانی، بورژوازی کمپرادور، و یا طاغوت است و (بزعم هواخواهانش) نماد نور آریائی، تجلی کورش کبیر، و یا سایه خداست.
البته از نخبگانی که برندنگان و بازندگان انقلاب هستند و همچنین از مردمی که آماج پروپاگاندای آنانند نمی توان انتظار داشت که از تندیس سترگ ایدئو لوژیک شاه به شخصیت تاریخی او فرود آیند، دست از داوری های مانوی مسلک و مطلق از قبیل ایزدی یا اهریمنی بودن یک شخصیت تاریخی بردارند، و چشم از قضاوتهای ایدئولوژیک بشویند اما از مورخین و اهل فکر و ذکر جز این انتظاری نمی رود. هر طور که فکر کنیم بالاخره بیش از نیم قرن از تاریخ ایران با فراز و نشیب های سلسله پهلوی عجین است و باید بد و خوب آنرا به محک نقد آشنا کرد تا عیار تاریخی آن ظاهر شود.
در سالهای اخیر تلاشهائی از این دست را در میان پژوهشگران ایرانی دیده ایم. عباس میلانی در زندگی نامه هویدا تلاش کرده او را بعنوان شخصیتی در حال تکوین و با توجه با ایده آلها، ضعف ها، و قدرت های خاص شخصیت او تصویر کند. صادق زیبا کلام نیز با شجاعت اخلاقی قابل تحسینی در مصاحبه ای تلویزیونی اخیرش در صدا و سیمای جمهوری اسلامی به جد سخن از میراث تاریخی رضا شاه به میان آورد و در برابر مطلق گرایان و بدگویان حرفه ای او ایستادگی کرد. قابل توجه است که هیچیک از ایندو استاد علوم انسانی پشیمان و "تواب" از نقطه نظر های فکری و ارزشی اصلی خود نیستند.
میلانی همچنان به برخی از انتقادات خود از هویدا از موضع چپ که خواستگاه فکری اوست وفا دار است و زیبا کلام نیز به مخالفتش با ابعاد منفی شخصیت رضا شاه و دیکتاتوری حکومت او ادامه می دهد و حتی در مصاحبه تلویزیونی مذکور بیان کرد که اگر در زمان رضا شاه زنده بود به احتمال زیاد کارش به زندان می کشید. با اینهمه هردو تلاش کرده اند در پژوهش علمی خود از عصر ایدئولوژی فرا گذرند و اجازه ندهند حب و بغض شخصی یا ساختار های ذهنی فرا تاریخی در تحقیقاتشان خدشه و اعوجاجی پدید آورد.
عرضه اولین آثار حرفه ای و علمی در مورد زندگی و سیاست های دولتمردان عصر پهلوی تازه شروع کار است. دیگران خواهند آمد و فرضیات و داده های این محققین را بازخوانی و نقد خواهند کرد و از این بوته گفتگوی علمی و تاریخی چشم انداز تاریخی پیچیده تر و معتبرتری پیدا خواهد شد که در آن پرتره محمد رضا سواد کوهی و تابلوی محمد رضا پهلوی، به یکدیگر خواهند پیوست.
محمود صدری
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Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
by tehran e Azad on Sun Aug 01, 2010 10:05 AM PDTDear Ms. Rusta,
by homo sacer on Fri Jul 30, 2010 10:25 AM PDTFor some unexplainable reason – maybe because of the depth of your knowledge about Iran’s contemporary history – you remind me of the veteran journalist and writer, Dr. Homa Sarshar, the author of among other books, the best seller, Sha'baan Ja'fari. I hope you take this as a complement. I should also add that in my earlier life, I had friends whose last names were Rusta (his first name also started with ‘F’), and Savadkoohi. So, forgive me if I find all these hoopla about Savadkoohi, Maraghe’i, etc, not that entertaining; and your participation in it, allow me to say, somewhat baffling.
An erudite like you certainly knows the reasons behind the adoption of Pahlavi as the surname by Reza Shah, and can empathize with Sadri’s qualm about it. Wouldn’t that have been more befitting had you educated us, as you did in response to my comment, than engaging in mud slinging?
With regard to your comments about the left-over, or petty feudals, I believe I distinguished between them and the majority of landowners who considered their property as a source of income, and not as a fiefdom. Nevertheless, I stand corrected.
However, I am sure you agree – even if you are not willing to admit publicly – that statements such as “as it goes with the Iranian mind set, we are never grateful for what is given to us free of charge”, are sophomoric. The participation of those so-called “protestors” had much more to do with the inequality they perceived, as a result of living in the city slums, than their ingratitude. Let us leave passing moral judgment about social phenomena to clerics and pretenders.
A Rusta's Produce
by Demo on Fri Jul 30, 2010 09:14 AM PDTSix out of the eight pictures above (i.e. %75) of a “Rusta-zadeh (Reza Shah was an illiterate peasant turned soldier)” in full (fool’s rather) decorations speaks of our people’s “Lord& Servant” mentality. The people’s current “Lord” is still a peasant but with a different outfit.
Exiled sacred man!
by Farah Rusta on Thu Jul 29, 2010 11:57 PM PDTLet me help you first with your query and second with your reductionist version of history.
The article by Mohmoud Maraghehi (aka Sadri) is in response to a call by Iran's radio-wave nemesis, i.e. the BBC Persian Service. The new boys at the Beeb need new mythology writers and Sadri is only too happy to oblige.
Which brings us neatly to your minimalist version of history. Yes, Reza Shah got rid of (some but not all of) the major players in the feudalist field but left hundreds of petty feuals along with a few major ones for his son to deal with. The Shah's land reforms finished them off. By the way you are wrong in suggesting that the feudals supported the Shah against Mossadegh. Dr M was himself a seasoned feudal and remained so to the end of his days that's why many of the major remaining feudals like Qashqai siblings and Zulfaqari brothers supported him (not to mention a good number of Bakhtiari khans, including our own Shahpour khan, wink wink). What allured the former peasants to leave their newly awarded territories for the luxuries of the city life was, you guessed it, the oil revenue. But as it goes with the Iranian mind set, we are never grateful for what is given to us free of charge. Yes the former peasants and their next generation became the new protesters and as the saying goes, the rest is history!!
Your loyal royal commenter,
FR
Good, sobering thoughts
by pas-e-pardeh on Thu Jul 29, 2010 07:24 PM PDTand, maybe the start of a objective, scholarly look at Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi
Except that the bit about "savadkoohi" was somewhat unnecessary.
FR
by Fatollah on Thu Jul 29, 2010 04:32 PM PDTI am familiar with the two gentlement's work, I am not interested in knowing more about these two brothers, and I've followed that thread earlier [your second link]. nonetheless thanks for the links.
who knows?
by benross on Thu Jul 29, 2010 04:31 PM PDTEveryone is calling his the 'last shah' of iran......but I bet he won't be....it's possible that we can have a democracy with a king as a figure head....but who knows
We are beyond 'who knows' dear. I know, you know, he knows, she knows...Actually we knew it from day one. Always hidden in anger, revisionism of history and denial. Now the game is over.
And as Kaveh Parsa pointed out, there is a massive attack of bastards in BBC to prove it!
از سوادکوه تا مریلند تا...
comradeThu Jul 29, 2010 04:28 PM PDT
The Shah and His father died a long time ago. The only matter which so ironically remains relevant to our future is the trait of declining efficiency seen in His family from grandfather to grandson.
visit....//www.ipinst.org/
Farah Rusta and Anonymous Observer
by Red Wine on Thu Jul 29, 2010 04:01 PM PDTDear Farah Rusta and Dear Anonymous Observer thank you so much for info,that helped me to know those people better !
Have a lovely weekend.
Farah Rusta
by Ferfereh on Thu Jul 29, 2010 04:37 PM PDTThanks for links, I suspected that this guy must be at the same level as Trita Tazi
From insult to revisionism
by homo sacer on Thu Jul 29, 2010 03:25 PM PDTI wonder what drives Sadri to hurl such a cheap shot? Where does this post come from? Is this from that BBC interview? I doubt that this is an IC exclusive. Did some naughty poster try to provide our loyal royalist commenters with ammunition to get even with Sadri? Any help out there?
AO,
If you revisit Iran’s history during Pahlavi era, you will find that it was Reza Shah who defanged the Khans and feudal landlords, not his son. My point is that your claim that “if it wasn't for ‘Mohammad Reza Savadkoohi’ and his land reforms, Iran would still be a ruled by feudal landlords and ‘khans’" is not supported by historical facts. You missed the train by a quarter of a century.
The ‘White Revolution’, if anything, alienated landowners and clergies who had earlier supported the Shah against Mossaddegh, the National Front and Tudeh Party – and interpreted WR as backstabbing on his part. WR offered debased landowners shares of the newly privatized factories, which they did not ask for; and to clergies, a severely–diminished role, which was only welcomed by less religious folks.
In fact, an unintended consequence of the land reform - courtesy of the inept bureaucrats who were in charge of implementing it - was to flood the cities with uprooted peasants-turned-farmers-turned-vagrants, who later became the foot soldiers of the revolution.
نگاهی به کارنامه محمود مراغهای و احمد اردبیلی
Farah RustaFri Jul 30, 2010 12:11 AM PDT
Singing to NIAC (by Ahmad):
Defending the homosexual non-erotic kiss of the mullahs! (Mahmoud)
آقای عزیز
FatollahThu Jul 29, 2010 02:28 PM PDT
you want to say something about a man in this case Pahlavi Kings, say it, what does being from Savadkoh to do with anything
otherwise, this kind of talk is cheap or academic gossip at best
واسلام
TheMrs : Savadkoohi = hendi = mendi = olagh=.....
by Everybody Loves Somebody ... on Thu Jul 29, 2010 01:50 PM PDTChi Meegee Madmazel?
Iranians deserve better than all this BS
by TheMrs on Thu Jul 29, 2010 01:08 PM PDTWhat the heck are you guys even talking about?
Savadkoohi = hendi = mendi = olagh...all the same to me.
کجای کارید
Kaveh ParsaThu Jul 29, 2010 12:36 PM PDT
یک سری به سایت آیت الله بی بی سی بزنید در صفحه ی ویژه بمناسبت سى امين سال درگذشت محمدرضا شاه پهلوى، ببینید آقای مراغهای (ببخشید آقای صدری ) و هم کیشانشان چه معرکه ای گرفتند.
Another poor attempt
by Anonymous Observer on Thu Jul 29, 2010 12:54 PM PDTof legitimizing the 1979 devolution through slandering the Shah. Just know one thing: if it wasn't for "Mohammad Reza Savadkoohi" and his land reforms, Iran would still be ruled by feudal landlords and "khans", much like Pakistan and Afghanistan. But then again, some regime supporters would applaud that system---and miss it quite a bit as it was so easy to use that form of tribal mentality to control people through superstition and religious backwardness. That's why the mullahs were opposed to---and still complain about---Shah's White Revolution.
My dear Pastor Rennick
by Farah Rusta on Thu Jul 29, 2010 11:25 AM PDTYou have one loyal disciple in me father. Just name your church and Hallelujah I'll be singing from your hymn book as no singer before.
Peace,
FR
one quick point.....
by shushtari on Thu Jul 29, 2010 11:06 AM PDTeveryone is calling his the 'last shah' of iran.....
but I bet he won't be....it's possible that we can have a democracy with a king as a figure head....but who knows
پِی در پی از مُرده نوشتنْ،خَلقْ را چه حاصِلْ؟
Red WineThu Jul 29, 2010 10:57 AM PDT
به عَجبْ پیشرَفتی دست پیدا کرده ایم،مُرده خوریْ (پِی در پی از مُرده نوشتنْ،خَلقْ را چه حاصِلْ؟!) دیگر کفافِ خرجِ دلالانِ محّبتْ ، فاحشه ها، لوطیان ، قاپبازان ، رمال و معرکه گیرانْ نمیدهد و عنقَریب دارالایتام دایر کرده ایم و دِلِمانْ خوش است که کبوترِ حَرَمیم و سیاسی نِویسیم و کرور کرور روشنفکر!واقِعاً خجالَت دارد،مملِکتْ از دست رفت،فکری به حالِ اَلان کنید که والله پَهلَوی وَر اُفتاد.
روشنفکران
FerferehThu Jul 29, 2010 10:38 AM PDT
How about Ruhollah Hendi ?!!
by Harpi-Eagle on Thu Jul 29, 2010 09:44 AM PDTJust to clarify before anything else, I am NOT a monarchist, but calling Reza Shah Pahlavi Reza Savadkoohi is disrespectful, as other people pointed out, we Iranians owe Reza Shah some gratitude for bringing Iran into modernity from the absolute disaster the Qajars inflicted on our beloved country through their "Nekbatbar" dynasty. So, Mr Sadri, if you want to call people by their rightful names, I suggest you start by calling Ruhollah Hendi as he should be called, as his brother Sheikh Hasan Pasandideh declared about their foreign (Indian) grandfather. But I guess you don't want to do that, because you feel calling Ruhollah by his correct last name "Hendi" might be hazardous to your health. Just an observation Mahmoud jaan !!!!
Payandeh Iran, our Ahuraie Fatherland
Dear Farah Rusta, the economy in the US is bad!
by pastor bill rennick on Thu Jul 29, 2010 09:07 AM PDTEven the college profs are suffering. Who would buy let alone read books on Khomeini? What more insight can one obtain by reading a book on Ruhollah Khomeini after his death and so much destruction he has left behind!
The Shah is another story! The author of this post owes his success to Reza Shah and Son. After all, he attended and graduated from U. of Tehran which was established by the former! 50 Million Iranian youths would love to read about what and how their lives would be today had the devolution of 1979 not occurred!
So, there will be a book titled, "The Great Shahs of Iran" authored by Sadri & Sadri coming soon to your nearest book store! 50 Million X $1.00 = $50 M!
Regards
PS - And you are right shenass-nameh (birth certificate) played an important role circa 1930's in the migration of folks out of the caves and into the modern world but as you can see once an Olagh always an Olagh with shenas-nameh or without (e.g., Jasonrobardas!)
Olagh is ...
by jasonrobardas on Thu Jul 29, 2010 08:27 AM PDTby any other name, is still olagh .
اقای محمود مراغهای
Farah RustaThu Jul 29, 2010 06:38 AM PDT
اقای محمود مراغهای دیر جبیدید
اگر رضا شاه صدور شناسنامه را برای اجداد شما تدبیر نکرده بود احتمالا شما و اخوی از نام زادگاه پدرانتان (و با توجه به آذری نژاد بودنشان) مثل مراغه، تبریز و یا اردبیل به طور پسوندی استفاده میکردید: محمود مراغهای و یا احمد اردبیلی. ولی به هر تقدیر در این مورد شما دیر جنبیدید. در کتاب بعدی آقای میلانی که بیوگرافی محمد رضا شاه است خیلی مفصل تر از آنچه شما میپندارید در باره شاه نقد شده است.
ولی هنوز درباره روح الله خمینی از طرف هوادارانش نقدی نشده است. چطور است که شما و اخوی در این راه پیش گام شوید؟
FR
قضاوتهای ایدئولوژیک
FredThu Jul 29, 2010 05:53 AM PDT
حضرت استادی در مورد پژوهشهای جدید در مورد شاه بدرستی منجمله میفرمایند:
"چشم از قضاوتهای ایدئولوژیک بشویند اما از مورخین و اهل فکر و ذکر جز این انتظاری نمی رود."
و
"در پژوهش علمی خود از عصر ایدئولوژی فرا گذرند و اجازه ندهند حب و بغض شخصی یا ساختار های ذهنی فرا تاریخی در تحقیقاتشان خدشه و اعوجاجی پدید آورد."
پرسش اینست که چه زمانی اسلامیستها هم دست به ایندست پژوهشهای تهی از قضاوتهای ایدئولوژیک در مورد خود و رهبرانشان خواهند زد و برای نمونه در مصاحبه با بی بی سی حقیقت در مورد انجمن حجتیه را کتمان نمیکنند؟